stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
   6 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   7 License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12 Library General Public License for more details.
  13
  14 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
  15 License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If
  16 not, write to the, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
  17 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ANSI Standard: 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES   <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  26 #include <features.h>
  27
  28 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  29 #define __need_size_t
  30 #define __need_wchar_t
  31 #define __need_NULL
  32 #include <stddef.h>
  33
  34 #define __need_Emath
  35 #include <errno.h>
  36
  37 __BEGIN_DECLS
  38
  39 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  40 typedef struct
  41   {
  42     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  43     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  44   } div_t;
  45
  46 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
  47 typedef struct
  48   {
  49     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
  50     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
  51   } ldiv_t;
  52
  53
  54 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
  55 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
  56
  57
  58 /* We define these the same for all machines.
  59    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
  60 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
  61 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
  62
  63
  64 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.
  65    This is just one until the fancy locale support is finished.  */
  66 #define MB_CUR_MAX      1
  67
  68
  69 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
  70 extern double atof __P ((__const char *__nptr));
  71 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
  72 extern int atoi __P ((__const char *__nptr));
  73 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
  74 extern long int atol __P ((__const char *__nptr));
  75
  76 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
  77 extern double strtod __P ((__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr));
  78
  79 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
  80 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
  81 extern float strtof __P ((__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr));
  82 extern __long_double_t strtold __P ((__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr));
  83 #endif
  84
  85 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
  86 extern long int strtol __P ((__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
  87                              int __base));
  88 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
  89 extern unsigned long int strtoul __P ((__const char *__nptr,
  90                                        char **__endptr, int __base));
  91
  92 #if defined (__GNUC__) && defined (__USE_BSD)
  93 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
  94 extern long long int strtoq __P ((__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
  95                                   int __base));
  96 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
  97 extern unsigned long long int strtouq __P ((__const char *__nptr,
  98                                             char **__endptr, int __base));
  99 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 100
 101
 102 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 103    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 104
 105 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__nptr,
 106                                  char **__endptr, int __group);
 107 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
 108                                 int __group);
 109 extern __long_double_t __strtold_internal (__const char *__nptr,
 110                                            char **__endptr, int __group);
 111 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
 112                                    int __base, int __group);
 113 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__nptr,
 114                                              char **__endptr, int __base,
 115                                              int __group);
 116 extern long long int __strtoq_internal (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
 117                                         int __base, int __group);
 118 extern unsigned long long int __strtouq_internal (__const char *__nptr,
 119                                                   char **__endptr, int __base,
 120                                                   int __group);
 121
 122 #if defined (__OPTIMIZE__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
 123 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 124
 125 extern __inline double strtod (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr)
 126 { return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0); }
 127 extern __inline long int strtol (__const char *__nptr,
 128                                  char **__endptr, int __base)
 129 { return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0); }
 130 extern __inline unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__nptr,
 131                                            char **__endptr, int __base)
 132 { return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0); }
 133
 134 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 135 extern __inline float strtof (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr)
 136 { return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0); }
 137 extern __inline __long_double_t strtold (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr)
 138 { return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0); }
 139 #endif
 140
 141 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 142 extern __inline long long int strtoq (__const char *__nptr, char **__endptr,
 143                                       int __base)
 144 { return __strtoq_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0); }
 145 extern __inline unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__nptr,
 146                                             char **__endptr, int __base)
 147 { return __strtouq_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0); }
 148 #endif
 149
 150 extern __inline double atof (__const char *__nptr)
 151 { return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL); }
 152 extern __inline int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
 153 { return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10); }
 154 extern __inline long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
 155 { return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10); }
 156 #endif /* Optimizing GCC >=2.  */
 157
 158
 159 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 160 extern int rand __P ((void));
 161 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 162 extern void srand __P ((unsigned int __seed));
 163
 164 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 165    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 166    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 167    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 168 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 169 extern long int __random __P ((void));
 170 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 171 extern void __srandom __P ((unsigned int __seed));
 172
 173 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 174    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 175    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 176    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 177 extern __ptr_t __initstate __P ((unsigned int __seed, __ptr_t __statebuf,
 178                                  size_t __statelen));
 179 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 180    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 181 extern __ptr_t __setstate __P ((__ptr_t __statebuf));
 182
 183 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 184 extern long int random __P ((void));
 185 extern void srandom __P ((unsigned int __seed));
 186 extern __ptr_t initstate __P ((unsigned int __seed, __ptr_t __statebuf,
 187                                size_t __statelen));
 188 extern __ptr_t setstate __P ((__ptr_t __statebuf));
 189
 190 #if defined (__OPTIMIZE__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
 191 extern __inline long int random (void)
 192 { return __random(); }
 193 extern __inline void srandom (unsigned int __seed)
 194 { __srandom(__seed); }
 195 extern __inline __ptr_t initstate (unsigned int __seed,
 196                                    __ptr_t __statebuf, size_t __statelen)
 197 { return __initstate (__seed, __statebuf, __statelen); }
 198 extern __inline __ptr_t setstate (__ptr_t __statebuf)
 199 { return __setstate (__statebuf); }
 200 #endif /* Optimizing GCC >=2.  */
 201
 202 #ifdef __USE_REENTRANT
 203 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 204    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 205    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 206
 207 struct random_data
 208   {
 209     long int *fptr;             /* Front pointer.  */
 210     long int *rptr;             /* Rear pointer.  */
 211     long int *state;            /* Array of state values.  */
 212     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 213     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 214     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 215     long int *end_ptr;          /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 216   };
 217
 218 extern int __random_r __P ((struct random_data *__buf, long int *__result));
 219 extern int __srandom_r __P ((unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf));
 220 extern int __initstate_r __P ((unsigned int __seed, __ptr_t __statebuf,
 221                                size_t __statelen, struct random_data *__buf));
 222 extern int __setstate_r __P ((__ptr_t __statebuf, struct random_data *__buf));
 223
 224 extern int random_r __P ((struct random_data *__buf, long int *__result));
 225 extern int srandom_r __P ((unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf));
 226 extern int initstate_r __P ((unsigned int __seed, __ptr_t __statebuf,
 227                              size_t __statelen, struct random_data *__buf));
 228 extern int setstate_r __P ((__ptr_t __statebuf, struct random_data *__buf));
 229 #endif  /* __USE_REENTRANT.  */
 230 #endif  /* Use BSD.  */
 231
 232
 233 #ifdef  __USE_SVID
 234 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 235
 236 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  */
 237 struct drand48_data
 238   {
 239     unsigned short int X[3];    /* Current state.  */
 240     unsigned short int a[3];    /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 241     unsigned short int c;       /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 242     unsigned short int old_X[3]; /* Old state.  */
 243     int init;                   /* Flag for initializing.  */
 244   };
 245
 246 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 247 extern double drand48 __P ((void));
 248 extern int drand48_r __P ((struct drand48_data *__buffer, double *__result));
 249 extern double erand48 __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3]));
 250 extern int erand48_r __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 251                            struct drand48_data *__buffer, double *__result));
 252 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 253 extern long lrand48 __P ((void));
 254 extern int lrand48_r __P ((struct drand48_data *__buffer, long *__result));
 255 extern long nrand48 __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3]));
 256 extern int nrand48_r __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 257                            struct drand48_data *__buffer, long *__result));
 258 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 259 extern long mrand48 __P ((void));
 260 extern int mrand48_r __P ((struct drand48_data *__buffer, long *__result));
 261 extern long jrand48 __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3]));
 262 extern int jrand48_r __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 263                            struct drand48_data *__buffer, long *__result));
 264 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 265 extern void srand48 __P ((long __seedval));
 266 extern int srand48_r __P ((long __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer));
 267 extern unsigned short int *seed48 __P ((unsigned short int __seed16v[3]));
 268 extern int seed48_r __P ((unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 269                           struct drand48_data *__buffer));
 270 extern void lcong48 __P ((unsigned short int __param[7]));
 271 extern int lcong48_r __P ((unsigned short int __param[7],
 272                            struct drand48_data *__buffer));
 273
 274 /* Internal function to compute next state of the generator.  */
 275 extern int __drand48_iterate __P ((unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 276                                    struct drand48_data *__buffer));
 277 #endif  /* __USE_SVID.  */
 278
 279
 280 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 281 extern __ptr_t malloc __P ((size_t __size));
 282 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 283    in __ptr_t, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 284 extern __ptr_t realloc __P ((__ptr_t __ptr, size_t __size));
 285 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 286 extern __ptr_t calloc __P ((size_t __nmemb, size_t __size));
 287 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 288 extern void free __P ((__ptr_t __ptr));
 289
 290 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 291 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 292 extern void cfree __P ((__ptr_t __ptr));
 293 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 294
 295 #if defined(__USE_GNU) || defined(__USE_BSD) || defined(__USE_MISC)
 296 #include <alloca.h>
 297 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 298
 299 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 300 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 301 extern __ptr_t valloc __P ((size_t __size));
 302 #endif
 303
 304
 305 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 306 extern void abort __P ((void)) __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 307
 308
 309 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 310 extern int atexit __P ((void (*__func) (void)));
 311
 312 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 313 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 314    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 315 extern int on_exit __P ((void (*__func) (int __status, __ptr_t __arg),
 316                          __ptr_t __arg));
 317 #endif
 318
 319 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 320    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 321    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 322 extern void exit __P ((int __status)) __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 323
 324
 325 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 326 extern char *getenv __P ((__const char *__name));
 327
 328 #ifdef  __USE_SVID
 329 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 330 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 331    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 332 extern int putenv __P ((__const char *__string));
 333 #endif
 334
 335 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 336 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 337    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 338 extern int setenv __P ((__const char *__name, __const char *__value,
 339                         int __replace));
 340
 341 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 342 extern void unsetenv __P ((__const char *__name));
 343 #endif
 344
 345 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 346 extern int system __P ((__const char *__command));
 347
 348
 349 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 350 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 351 #define __COMPAR_FN_T
 352 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) __P ((__const __ptr_t, __const __ptr_t));
 353 #endif
 354
 355 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 356 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 357 #endif
 358
 359 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 360    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 361 extern __ptr_t bsearch __P ((__const __ptr_t __key, __const __ptr_t __base,
 362                              size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 363                              __compar_fn_t __compar));
 364
 365 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 366    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 367 extern void qsort __P ((__ptr_t __base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 368                         __compar_fn_t __compar));
 369
 370
 371 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 372 extern int abs __P ((int __x)) __attribute__ ((__const__));
 373 extern long int labs __P ((long int __x)) __attribute__ ((__const__));
 374
 375
 376 /* Return the `div_t' or `ldiv_t' representation
 377    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 378 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 379 extern div_t div __P ((int __numer, int __denom)) __attribute__ ((__const__));
 380 extern ldiv_t ldiv __P ((long int __numer, long int __denom)) __attribute__ ((__const__));
 381
 382
 383 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 384 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 385    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 386
 387 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 388    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 389    with the sign of the number.  */
 390 char *ecvt __P ((double __value, int __ndigit, int *__decpt, int *sign));
 391
 392 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 393    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 394    the number.  */
 395 char *fcvt __P ((double __value, int __ndigit, int *__decpt, int *sign));
 396
 397 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 398    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 399    be written to BUF.  */
 400 char *gcvt __P ((double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf));
 401
 402 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 403    buffers.  */
 404 int ecvt_r __P ((double __value, int __ndigit, int *__decpt, int *sign,
 405                  char *__buf, size_t __len));
 406 int fcvt_r __P ((double __value, int __ndigit, int *__decpt, int *sign,
 407                  char *__buf, size_t __len));
 408 #endif
 409
 410
 411 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 412    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 413 extern int mblen __P ((__const char *__s, size_t __n));
 414 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 415    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 416 extern int mbtowc __P ((wchar_t * __pwc, __const char *__s, size_t __n));
 417 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 418    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 419 extern int wctomb __P ((char *__s, wchar_t __wchar));
 420
 421 #if defined (__OPTIMIZE__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
 422 extern __inline int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n)
 423 { return mbtowc ((wchar_t *) NULL, __s, __n); }
 424 #endif /* Optimizing GCC >=2.  */
 425
 426
 427 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 428 extern size_t mbstowcs __P ((wchar_t * __pwcs, __const char *__s, size_t __n));
 429 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 430 extern size_t wcstombs __P ((char *__s, __const wchar_t * __pwcs, size_t __n));
 431
 432
 433 __END_DECLS
 434
 435 #endif /* stdlib.h  */