Tue Apr 23 15:56:56 1996 Roland McGrath <roland@delasyd.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
[glibc.git] / stdio-common / vfprintf.c
blob04f9e0d5f13dd0cd7adbe34ebc48d8834e233741
1 /* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
6 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
7 License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 Library General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
15 License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
16 not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
17 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
19 #include <ctype.h>
20 #include <limits.h>
21 #include <printf.h>
22 #include <stdarg.h>
23 #include <stdlib.h>
24 #include <wchar.h>
25 #include "_itoa.h"
26 #include "../locale/localeinfo.h"
28 /* This code is shared between the standard stdio implementation found
29 in GNU C library and the libio implementation originally found in
30 GNU libg++.
32 Beside this it is also shared between the normal and wide character
33 implementation as defined in ISO/IEC 9899:1990/Amendment 1:1995. */
35 #ifndef COMPILE_WPRINTF
36 # define CHAR_T char
37 # define UCHAR_T unsigned char
38 # define INT_T int
39 # define L_(Str) Str
40 # define ISDIGIT(Ch) isdigit (Ch)
42 # ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
43 # define PUT(F, S, N) _IO_sputn (F, S, N)
44 # define PAD(Padchar) \
45 if (width > 0) \
46 done += _IO_padn (s, Padchar, width)
47 # else
48 # define PUTC(C, F) putc (C, F)
49 ssize_t __printf_pad __P ((FILE *, char pad, size_t n));
50 # define PAD(Padchar) \
51 if (width > 0) \
52 { if (__printf_pad (s, Padchar, width) == -1) \
53 return -1; else done += width; }
54 # endif
55 #else
56 # define vfprintf vfwprintf
57 # define CHAR_T wchar_t
58 # define UCHAR_T uwchar_t
59 # define INT_T wint_t
60 # define L_(Str) L##Str
61 # define ISDIGIT(Ch) iswdigit (Ch)
63 # ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
64 # define PUT(F, S, N) _IO_sputn (F, S, N)
65 # define PAD(Padchar) \
66 if (width > 0) \
67 done += _IO_wpadn (s, Padchar, width)
68 # else
69 # define PUTC(C, F) wputc (C, F)
70 ssize_t __wprintf_pad __P ((FILE *, wchar_t pad, size_t n));
71 # define PAD(Padchar) \
72 if (width > 0) \
73 { if (__wprintf_pad (s, Padchar, width) == -1) \
74 return -1; else done += width; }
75 # endif
76 #endif
78 /* Include the shared code for parsing the format string. */
79 #include "printf-parse.h"
82 #ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
83 /* This code is for use in libio. */
84 # include <libioP.h>
85 # define PUTC(C, F) _IO_putc (C, F)
86 # define vfprintf _IO_vfprintf
87 # define size_t _IO_size_t
88 # define FILE _IO_FILE
89 # define va_list _IO_va_list
90 # undef BUFSIZ
91 # define BUFSIZ _IO_BUFSIZ
92 # define ARGCHECK(S, Format) \
93 do \
94 { \
95 /* Check file argument for consistence. */ \
96 CHECK_FILE (S, -1); \
97 if (S->_flags & _IO_NO_WRITES || Format == NULL) \
98 { \
99 MAYBE_SET_EINVAL; \
100 return -1; \
102 } while (0)
103 # define UNBUFFERED_P(S) ((S)->_IO_file_flags & _IO_UNBUFFERED)
104 #else /* ! USE_IN_LIBIO */
105 /* This code is for use in the GNU C library. */
106 # include <stdio.h>
107 # define PUT(F, S, N) fwrite (S, 1, N, F)
108 # define ARGCHECK(S, Format) \
109 do \
111 /* Check file argument for consistence. */ \
112 if (!__validfp(S) || !S->__mode.__write || Format == NULL) \
114 errno = EINVAL; \
115 return -1; \
117 if (!S->__seen) \
119 if (__flshfp (S, EOF) == EOF) \
120 return -1; \
123 while (0)
124 # define UNBUFFERED_P(s) ((s)->__buffer == NULL)
125 #endif /* USE_IN_LIBIO */
128 #define outchar(Ch) \
129 do \
131 register const int outc = (Ch); \
132 if (PUTC (outc, s) == EOF) \
133 return -1; \
134 else \
135 ++done; \
137 while (0)
139 #define outstring(String, Len) \
140 do \
142 if (PUT (s, String, Len) != Len) \
143 return -1; \
144 done += Len; \
146 while (0)
148 /* For handling long_double and longlong we use the same flag. */
149 #ifndef is_longlong
150 # define is_longlong is_long_double
151 #endif
154 /* Global variables. */
155 static const char null[] = "(null)";
158 /* Helper function to provide temporary buffering for unbuffered streams. */
159 static int buffered_vfprintf __P ((FILE *stream, const CHAR_T *fmt, va_list));
161 /* Handle unknown format specifier. */
162 static int printf_unknown __P ((FILE *, const struct printf_info *,
163 const void *const *));
165 /* Group digits of number string. */
166 static char *group_number __P ((CHAR_T *, CHAR_T *, const CHAR_T *, wchar_t));
169 /* The function itself. */
171 vfprintf (FILE *s, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ap)
173 /* The character used as thousands separator. */
174 wchar_t thousands_sep;
176 /* The string describing the size of groups of digits. */
177 const char *grouping;
179 /* Place to accumulate the result. */
180 int done;
182 /* Current character in format string. */
183 const UCHAR_T *f;
185 /* End of leading constant string. */
186 const UCHAR_T *lead_str_end;
188 /* Points to next format specifier. */
189 const UCHAR_T *end_of_spec;
191 /* Buffer intermediate results. */
192 char work_buffer[1000];
193 #define workend (&work_buffer[sizeof (work_buffer) - 1])
195 /* State for restartable multibyte character handling functions. */
196 mbstate_t mbstate;
198 /* We have to save the original argument pointer. */
199 va_list ap_save;
201 /* Count number of specifiers we already processed. */
202 int nspecs_done;
205 /* This table maps a character into a number representing a
206 class. In each step there is a destination label for each
207 class. */
208 static const int jump_table[] =
210 /* ' ' */ 1, 0, 0, /* '#' */ 4,
211 0, /* '%' */ 14, 0, /* '\''*/ 6,
212 0, 0, /* '*' */ 7, /* '+' */ 2,
213 0, /* '-' */ 3, /* '.' */ 9, 0,
214 /* '0' */ 5, /* '1' */ 8, /* '2' */ 8, /* '3' */ 8,
215 /* '4' */ 8, /* '5' */ 8, /* '6' */ 8, /* '7' */ 8,
216 /* '8' */ 8, /* '9' */ 8, 0, 0,
217 0, 0, 0, 0,
218 0, 0, 0, 0,
219 0, /* 'E' */ 19, 0, /* 'G' */ 19,
220 0, 0, 0, 0,
221 /* 'L' */ 12, 0, 0, 0,
222 0, 0, 0, 0,
223 0, 0, 0, 0,
224 /* 'X' */ 18, 0, /* 'Z' */ 13, 0,
225 0, 0, 0, 0,
226 0, 0, 0, /* 'c' */ 20,
227 /* 'd' */ 15, /* 'e' */ 19, /* 'f' */ 19, /* 'g' */ 19,
228 /* 'h' */ 10, /* 'i' */ 15, 0, 0,
229 /* 'l' */ 11, /* 'm' */ 24, /* 'n' */ 23, /* 'o' */ 17,
230 /* 'p' */ 22, /* 'q' */ 12, 0, /* 's' */ 21,
231 0, /* 'u' */ 16, 0, 0,
232 /* 'x' */ 18
235 #define NOT_IN_JUMP_RANGE(Ch) ((Ch) < ' ' || (Ch) > 'x')
236 #define CHAR_CLASS(Ch) (jump_table[(int) (Ch) - ' '])
237 #define JUMP(ChExpr, table) \
238 do \
240 const void *ptr; \
241 spec = (ChExpr); \
242 ptr = NOT_IN_JUMP_RANGE (spec) ? REF (form_unknown) \
243 : table[CHAR_CLASS (spec)]; \
244 goto *ptr; \
246 while (0)
248 #define STEP0_3_TABLE \
249 /* Step 0: at the beginning. */ \
250 static const void *step0_jumps[25] = \
252 REF (form_unknown), \
253 REF (flag_space), /* for ' ' */ \
254 REF (flag_plus), /* for '+' */ \
255 REF (flag_minus), /* for '-' */ \
256 REF (flag_hash), /* for '<hash>' */ \
257 REF (flag_zero), /* for '0' */ \
258 REF (flag_quote), /* for '\'' */ \
259 REF (width_asterics), /* for '*' */ \
260 REF (width), /* for '1'...'9' */ \
261 REF (precision), /* for '.' */ \
262 REF (mod_half), /* for 'h' */ \
263 REF (mod_long), /* for 'l' */ \
264 REF (mod_longlong), /* for 'L', 'q' */ \
265 REF (mod_size_t), /* for 'Z' */ \
266 REF (form_percent), /* for '%' */ \
267 REF (form_integer), /* for 'd', 'i' */ \
268 REF (form_unsigned), /* for 'u' */ \
269 REF (form_octal), /* for 'o' */ \
270 REF (form_hexa), /* for 'X', 'x' */ \
271 REF (form_float), /* for 'E', 'e', 'f', 'G', 'g' */ \
272 REF (form_character), /* for 'c' */ \
273 REF (form_string), /* for 's' */ \
274 REF (form_pointer), /* for 'p' */ \
275 REF (form_number), /* for 'n' */ \
276 REF (form_strerror) /* for 'm' */ \
277 }; \
278 /* Step 1: after processing width. */ \
279 static const void *step1_jumps[25] = \
281 REF (form_unknown), \
282 REF (form_unknown), /* for ' ' */ \
283 REF (form_unknown), /* for '+' */ \
284 REF (form_unknown), /* for '-' */ \
285 REF (form_unknown), /* for '<hash>' */ \
286 REF (form_unknown), /* for '0' */ \
287 REF (form_unknown), /* for '\'' */ \
288 REF (form_unknown), /* for '*' */ \
289 REF (form_unknown), /* for '1'...'9' */ \
290 REF (precision), /* for '.' */ \
291 REF (mod_half), /* for 'h' */ \
292 REF (mod_long), /* for 'l' */ \
293 REF (mod_longlong), /* for 'L', 'q' */ \
294 REF (mod_size_t), /* for 'Z' */ \
295 REF (form_percent), /* for '%' */ \
296 REF (form_integer), /* for 'd', 'i' */ \
297 REF (form_unsigned), /* for 'u' */ \
298 REF (form_octal), /* for 'o' */ \
299 REF (form_hexa), /* for 'X', 'x' */ \
300 REF (form_float), /* for 'E', 'e', 'f', 'G', 'g' */ \
301 REF (form_character), /* for 'c' */ \
302 REF (form_string), /* for 's' */ \
303 REF (form_pointer), /* for 'p' */ \
304 REF (form_number), /* for 'n' */ \
305 REF (form_strerror) /* for 'm' */ \
306 }; \
307 /* Step 2: after processing precision. */ \
308 static const void *step2_jumps[25] = \
310 REF (form_unknown), \
311 REF (form_unknown), /* for ' ' */ \
312 REF (form_unknown), /* for '+' */ \
313 REF (form_unknown), /* for '-' */ \
314 REF (form_unknown), /* for '<hash>' */ \
315 REF (form_unknown), /* for '0' */ \
316 REF (form_unknown), /* for '\'' */ \
317 REF (form_unknown), /* for '*' */ \
318 REF (form_unknown), /* for '1'...'9' */ \
319 REF (form_unknown), /* for '.' */ \
320 REF (mod_half), /* for 'h' */ \
321 REF (mod_long), /* for 'l' */ \
322 REF (mod_longlong), /* for 'L', 'q' */ \
323 REF (mod_size_t), /* for 'Z' */ \
324 REF (form_percent), /* for '%' */ \
325 REF (form_integer), /* for 'd', 'i' */ \
326 REF (form_unsigned), /* for 'u' */ \
327 REF (form_octal), /* for 'o' */ \
328 REF (form_hexa), /* for 'X', 'x' */ \
329 REF (form_float), /* for 'E', 'e', 'f', 'G', 'g' */ \
330 REF (form_character), /* for 'c' */ \
331 REF (form_string), /* for 's' */ \
332 REF (form_pointer), /* for 'p' */ \
333 REF (form_number), /* for 'n' */ \
334 REF (form_strerror) /* for 'm' */ \
335 }; \
336 /* Step 3: after processing first 'l' modifier. */ \
337 static const void *step3_jumps[25] = \
339 REF (form_unknown), \
340 REF (form_unknown), /* for ' ' */ \
341 REF (form_unknown), /* for '+' */ \
342 REF (form_unknown), /* for '-' */ \
343 REF (form_unknown), /* for '<hash>' */ \
344 REF (form_unknown), /* for '0' */ \
345 REF (form_unknown), /* for '\'' */ \
346 REF (form_unknown), /* for '*' */ \
347 REF (form_unknown), /* for '1'...'9' */ \
348 REF (form_unknown), /* for '.' */ \
349 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'h' */ \
350 REF (mod_longlong), /* for 'l' */ \
351 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'L', 'q' */ \
352 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'Z' */ \
353 REF (form_percent), /* for '%' */ \
354 REF (form_integer), /* for 'd', 'i' */ \
355 REF (form_unsigned), /* for 'u' */ \
356 REF (form_octal), /* for 'o' */ \
357 REF (form_hexa), /* for 'X', 'x' */ \
358 REF (form_float), /* for 'E', 'e', 'f', 'G', 'g' */ \
359 REF (form_character), /* for 'c' */ \
360 REF (form_string), /* for 's' */ \
361 REF (form_pointer), /* for 'p' */ \
362 REF (form_number), /* for 'n' */ \
363 REF (form_strerror) /* for 'm' */ \
366 #define STEP4_TABLE \
367 /* Step 4: processing format specifier. */ \
368 static const void *step4_jumps[25] = \
370 REF (form_unknown), \
371 REF (form_unknown), /* for ' ' */ \
372 REF (form_unknown), /* for '+' */ \
373 REF (form_unknown), /* for '-' */ \
374 REF (form_unknown), /* for '<hash>' */ \
375 REF (form_unknown), /* for '0' */ \
376 REF (form_unknown), /* for '\'' */ \
377 REF (form_unknown), /* for '*' */ \
378 REF (form_unknown), /* for '1'...'9' */ \
379 REF (form_unknown), /* for '.' */ \
380 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'h' */ \
381 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'l' */ \
382 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'L', 'q' */ \
383 REF (form_unknown), /* for 'Z' */ \
384 REF (form_percent), /* for '%' */ \
385 REF (form_integer), /* for 'd', 'i' */ \
386 REF (form_unsigned), /* for 'u' */ \
387 REF (form_octal), /* for 'o' */ \
388 REF (form_hexa), /* for 'X', 'x' */ \
389 REF (form_float), /* for 'E', 'e', 'f', 'G', 'g' */ \
390 REF (form_character), /* for 'c' */ \
391 REF (form_string), /* for 's' */ \
392 REF (form_pointer), /* for 'p' */ \
393 REF (form_number), /* for 'n' */ \
394 REF (form_strerror) /* for 'm' */ \
398 #define process_arg(fspec) \
399 /* Start real work. We know about all flag and modifiers and \
400 now process the wanted format specifier. */ \
401 LABEL (form_percent): \
402 /* Write a literal "%". */ \
403 outchar ('%'); \
404 break; \
406 LABEL (form_integer): \
407 /* Signed decimal integer. */ \
408 base = 10; \
410 if (is_longlong) \
412 long long int signed_number; \
414 signed_number = va_arg (ap, long long int); \
416 is_negative = signed_number < 0; \
417 number.longlong = is_negative ? (- signed_number) : signed_number; \
419 goto LABEL (longlong_number); \
421 else \
423 long int signed_number; \
425 if (is_long) \
426 signed_number = va_arg (ap, long int); \
427 else /* `short int' will be promoted to `int'. */ \
428 signed_number = va_arg (ap, int); \
430 is_negative = signed_number < 0; \
431 number.word = is_negative ? (- signed_number) : signed_number; \
433 goto LABEL (number); \
435 /* NOTREACHED */ \
437 LABEL (form_unsigned): \
438 /* Unsigned decimal integer. */ \
439 base = 10; \
440 goto LABEL (unsigned_number); \
441 /* NOTREACHED */ \
443 LABEL (form_octal): \
444 /* Unsigned octal integer. */ \
445 base = 8; \
446 goto LABEL (unsigned_number); \
447 /* NOTREACHED */ \
449 LABEL (form_hexa): \
450 /* Unsigned hexadecimal integer. */ \
451 base = 16; \
453 LABEL (unsigned_number): /* Unsigned number of base BASE. */ \
455 /* ANSI specifies the `+' and ` ' flags only for signed \
456 conversions. */ \
457 is_negative = 0; \
458 showsign = 0; \
459 space = 0; \
461 if (is_longlong) \
463 number.longlong = va_arg (ap, unsigned long long int); \
465 LABEL (longlong_number): \
466 if (prec < 0) \
467 /* Supply a default precision if none was given. */ \
468 prec = 1; \
469 else \
470 /* We have to take care for the '0' flag. If a precision \
471 is given it must be ignored. */ \
472 pad = ' '; \
474 /* If the precision is 0 and the number is 0 nothing has to \
475 be written for the number. */ \
476 if (prec == 0 && number.longlong == 0) \
477 string = workend; \
478 else \
480 /* Put the number in WORK. */ \
481 string = _itoa (number.longlong, workend + 1, base, \
482 spec == 'X'); \
483 string -= 1; \
484 if (group && grouping) \
485 string = group_number (string, workend, grouping, \
486 thousands_sep); \
488 /* Simply further test for num != 0. */ \
489 number.word = number.longlong != 0; \
491 else \
493 if (is_long) \
494 number.word = va_arg (ap, unsigned long int); \
495 else \
496 number.word = va_arg (ap, unsigned int); /* Promoted. */ \
498 LABEL (number): \
499 if (prec < 0) \
500 /* Supply a default precision if none was given. */ \
501 prec = 1; \
502 else \
503 /* We have to take care for the '0' flag. If a precision \
504 is given it must be ignored. */ \
505 pad = ' '; \
507 /* If the precision is 0 and the number is 0 nothing has to \
508 be written for the number. */ \
509 if (prec == 0 && number.word == 0) \
510 string = workend; \
511 else \
513 /* Put the number in WORK. */ \
514 string = _itoa_word (number.word, workend + 1, base, \
515 spec == 'X'); \
516 string -= 1; \
517 if (group && grouping) \
518 string = group_number (string, workend, grouping, \
519 thousands_sep); \
523 prec -= workend - string; \
525 if (prec > 0) \
526 /* Add zeros to the precision. */ \
527 while (prec-- > 0) \
528 *string-- = '0'; \
529 else if (number.word != 0 && alt && base == 8) \
530 /* Add octal marker. */ \
531 *string-- = '0'; \
533 if (!left) \
535 width -= workend - string; \
537 if (number.word != 0 && alt && base == 16) \
538 /* Account for 0X hex marker. */ \
539 width -= 2; \
541 if (is_negative || showsign || space) \
542 --width; \
544 if (pad == '0') \
546 while (width-- > 0) \
547 *string-- = '0'; \
549 if (number.word != 0 && alt && base == 16) \
551 *string-- = spec; \
552 *string-- = '0'; \
555 if (is_negative) \
556 *string-- = '-'; \
557 else if (showsign) \
558 *string-- = '+'; \
559 else if (space) \
560 *string-- = ' '; \
562 else \
564 if (number.word != 0 && alt && base == 16) \
566 *string-- = spec; \
567 *string-- = '0'; \
570 if (is_negative) \
571 *string-- = '-'; \
572 else if (showsign) \
573 *string-- = '+'; \
574 else if (space) \
575 *string-- = ' '; \
577 while (width-- > 0) \
578 *string-- = ' '; \
581 outstring (string + 1, workend - string); \
583 break; \
585 else \
587 if (number.word != 0 && alt && base == 16) \
589 *string-- = spec; \
590 *string-- = '0'; \
593 if (is_negative) \
594 *string-- = '-'; \
595 else if (showsign) \
596 *string-- = '+'; \
597 else if (space) \
598 *string-- = ' '; \
600 width -= workend - string; \
601 outstring (string + 1, workend - string); \
603 PAD (' '); \
604 break; \
607 LABEL (form_float): \
609 /* Floating-point number. This is handled by printf_fp.c. */ \
610 extern int __printf_fp __P ((FILE *, const struct printf_info *, \
611 const void **const)); \
612 const void *ptr; \
613 int function_done; \
615 if (is_long_double) \
616 the_arg.pa_long_double = va_arg (ap, long double); \
617 else \
618 the_arg.pa_double = va_arg (ap, double); \
620 ptr = (const void *) &the_arg; \
622 if (fspec == NULL) \
624 struct printf_info info = { prec: prec, \
625 width: width, \
626 spec: spec, \
627 is_long_double: is_long_double, \
628 is_short: is_short, \
629 is_long: is_long, \
630 alt: alt, \
631 space: space, \
632 left: left, \
633 showsign: showsign, \
634 group: group, \
635 pad: pad }; \
637 function_done = __printf_fp (s, &info, &ptr); \
639 else \
640 function_done = __printf_fp (s, &fspec->info, &ptr); \
642 if (function_done < 0) \
643 /* Error in print handler. */ \
644 return -1; \
646 done += function_done; \
648 break; \
650 LABEL (form_character): \
651 /* Character. */ \
652 --width; /* Account for the character itself. */ \
653 if (!left) \
654 PAD (' '); \
655 outchar ((unsigned char) va_arg (ap, int)); /* Promoted. */ \
656 if (left) \
657 PAD (' '); \
658 break; \
660 LABEL (form_string): \
662 size_t len; \
664 /* The string argument could in fact be `char *' or `wchar_t *'. \
665 But this should not make a difference here. */ \
666 string = (char *) va_arg (ap, const char *); \
668 /* Entry point for printing other strings. */ \
669 LABEL (print_string): \
671 if (string == NULL) \
673 /* Write "(null)" if there's space. */ \
674 if (prec == -1 || prec >= (int) sizeof (null) - 1) \
676 string = (char *) null; \
677 len = sizeof (null) - 1; \
679 else \
681 string = (char *) ""; \
682 len = 0; \
685 else if (!is_long) \
687 if (prec != -1) \
689 /* Search for the end of the string, but don't search past \
690 the length specified by the precision. */ \
691 const char *end = memchr (string, '\0', prec); \
692 if (end) \
693 len = end - string; \
694 else \
695 len = prec; \
697 else \
698 len = strlen (string); \
700 else \
702 const wchar_t *s2 = (const wchar_t *) string; \
703 mbstate_t mbstate = 0; \
705 len = wcsrtombs (NULL, &s2, prec != -1 ? prec : UINT_MAX, \
706 &mbstate); \
707 if (len == (size_t) -1) \
708 /* Illegal wide-character string. */ \
709 return -1; \
711 s2 = (const wchar_t *) string; \
712 mbstate = 0; \
713 string = alloca (len + 1); \
714 (void) wcsrtombs (string, &s2, prec != -1 ? prec : UINT_MAX, \
715 &mbstate); \
718 if ((width -= len) < 0) \
720 outstring (string, len); \
721 break; \
724 if (!left) \
725 PAD (' '); \
726 outstring (string, len); \
727 if (left) \
728 PAD (' '); \
730 break; \
732 LABEL (form_pointer): \
733 /* Generic pointer. */ \
735 const void *ptr; \
736 ptr = va_arg (ap, void *); \
737 if (ptr != NULL) \
739 /* If the pointer is not NULL, write it as a %#x spec. */ \
740 base = 16; \
741 number.word = (unsigned long int) ptr; \
742 is_negative = 0; \
743 alt = 1; \
744 group = 0; \
745 spec = 'x'; \
746 goto LABEL (number); \
748 else \
750 /* Write "(nil)" for a nil pointer. */ \
751 string = (char *) "(nil)"; \
752 /* Make sure the full string "(nil)" is printed. */ \
753 if (prec < 5) \
754 prec = 5; \
755 is_long = 0; /* This is no wide-char string. */ \
756 goto LABEL (print_string); \
759 /* NOTREACHED */ \
761 LABEL (form_number): \
762 /* Answer the count of characters written. */ \
763 if (is_longlong) \
764 *(long long int *) va_arg (ap, void *) = done; \
765 else if (is_long) \
766 *(long int *) va_arg (ap, void *) = done; \
767 else if (!is_short) \
768 *(int *) va_arg (ap, void *) = done; \
769 else \
770 *(short int *) va_arg (ap, void *) = done; \
771 break; \
773 LABEL (form_strerror): \
774 /* Print description of error ERRNO. */ \
776 extern char *_strerror_internal __P ((int, char *buf, size_t)); \
778 string = (char *) \
779 _strerror_internal (errno, work_buffer, sizeof work_buffer); \
781 is_long = 0; /* This is no wide-char string. */ \
782 goto LABEL (print_string)
785 /* Sanity check of arguments. */
786 ARGCHECK (s, format);
788 if (UNBUFFERED_P (s))
789 /* Use a helper function which will allocate a local temporary buffer
790 for the stream and then call us again. */
791 return buffered_vfprintf (s, format, ap);
793 /* Initialize local variables. */
794 done = 0;
795 grouping = (const char *) -1;
796 mbstate = 0;
797 ap_save = ap;
798 nspecs_done = 0;
800 /* Find the first format specifier. */
801 f = lead_str_end = find_spec (format, &mbstate);
803 /* Write the literal text before the first format. */
804 outstring ((const UCHAR_T *) format,
805 lead_str_end - (const UCHAR_T *) format);
807 /* If we only have to print a simple string, return now. */
808 if (*f == L_('\0'))
809 return done;
811 /* Process whole format string. */
814 #define REF(Name) &&do_##Name
815 #define LABEL(Name) do_##Name
816 STEP0_3_TABLE;
817 STEP4_TABLE;
819 int is_negative; /* Flag for negative number. */
820 union
822 unsigned long long int longlong;
823 unsigned long int word;
824 } number;
825 int base;
826 union printf_arg the_arg;
827 char *string; /* Pointer to argument string. */
828 int alt = 0; /* Alternate format. */
829 int space = 0; /* Use space prefix if no sign is needed. */
830 int left = 0; /* Left-justify output. */
831 int showsign = 0; /* Always begin with plus or minus sign. */
832 int group = 0; /* Print numbers according grouping rules. */
833 int is_long_double = 0; /* Argument is long double/ long long int. */
834 int is_short = 0; /* Argument is long int. */
835 int is_long = 0; /* Argument is short int. */
836 int width = 0; /* Width of output; 0 means none specified. */
837 int prec = -1; /* Precision of output; -1 means none specified. */
838 char pad = ' '; /* Padding character. */
839 CHAR_T spec;
841 /* Get current character in format string. */
842 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
844 /* ' ' flag. */
845 LABEL (flag_space):
846 space = 1;
847 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
849 /* '+' flag. */
850 LABEL (flag_plus):
851 showsign = 1;
852 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
854 /* The '-' flag. */
855 LABEL (flag_minus):
856 left = 1;
857 pad = L_(' ');
858 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
860 /* The '#' flag. */
861 LABEL (flag_hash):
862 alt = 1;
863 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
865 /* The '0' flag. */
866 LABEL (flag_zero):
867 if (!left)
868 pad = L_('0');
869 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
871 /* The '\'' flag. */
872 LABEL (flag_quote):
873 group = 1;
875 /* XXX Completely wrong. Use wctob. */
876 if (grouping == (const char *) -1)
878 /* Figure out the thousands separator character. */
879 if (mbtowc (&thousands_sep,
880 _NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP),
881 strlen (_NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP))) <= 0)
882 thousands_sep = (wchar_t)
883 *_NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP);
884 grouping = _NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, GROUPING);
885 if (*grouping == '\0' || *grouping == CHAR_MAX
886 || thousands_sep == L'\0')
887 grouping = NULL;
889 JUMP (*++f, step0_jumps);
891 /* Get width from argument. */
892 LABEL (width_asterics):
894 const UCHAR_T *tmp; /* Temporary value. */
896 tmp = ++f;
897 if (ISDIGIT (*tmp) && read_int (&tmp) && *tmp == L_('$'))
898 /* The width comes from a positional parameter. */
899 goto do_positional;
901 width = va_arg (ap, int);
903 /* Negative width means left justified. */
904 if (width < 0)
906 width = -width;
907 pad = L_(' ');
908 left = 1;
911 JUMP (*f, step1_jumps);
913 /* Given width in format string. */
914 LABEL (width):
915 width = read_int (&f);
916 if (*f == L_('$'))
917 /* Oh, oh. The argument comes from a positional parameter. */
918 goto do_positional;
919 JUMP (*f, step1_jumps);
921 LABEL (precision):
922 ++f;
923 if (*f == L_('*'))
925 const UCHAR_T *tmp; /* Temporary value. */
927 tmp = ++f;
928 if (ISDIGIT (*tmp) && read_int (&tmp) > 0 && *tmp == L_('$'))
929 /* The precision comes from a positional parameter. */
930 goto do_positional;
932 prec = va_arg (ap, int);
934 /* If the precision is negative the precision is omitted. */
935 if (prec < 0)
936 prec = -1;
938 else if (ISDIGIT (*f))
939 prec = read_int (&f);
940 else
941 prec = 0;
942 JUMP (*f, step2_jumps);
944 /* Process 'h' modifier. No other modifier is allowed to
945 follow. */
946 LABEL (mod_half):
947 is_short = 1;
948 JUMP (*++f, step4_jumps);
950 /* Process 'l' modifier. There might another 'l' follow. */
951 LABEL (mod_long):
952 is_long = 1;
953 JUMP (*++f, step3_jumps);
955 /* Process 'L', 'q', or 'll' modifier. No other modifier is
956 allowed to follow. */
957 LABEL (mod_longlong):
958 is_long_double = 1;
959 JUMP (*++f, step4_jumps);
961 LABEL (mod_size_t):
962 is_longlong = sizeof (size_t) > sizeof (unsigned long int);
963 is_long = sizeof (size_t) > sizeof (unsigned int);
964 JUMP (*++f, step4_jumps);
967 /* Process current format. */
968 while (1)
970 process_arg (((struct printf_spec *) NULL));
972 LABEL (form_unknown):
973 if (spec == L_('\0'))
974 /* The format string ended before the specifier is complete. */
975 return -1;
977 /* If we are in the fast loop force entering the complicated
978 one. */
979 goto do_positional;
982 /* Look for next format specifier. */
983 f = find_spec ((end_of_spec = ++f), &mbstate);
985 /* Write the following constant string. */
986 outstring (end_of_spec, f - end_of_spec);
988 while (*f != L_('\0'));
990 /* We processed the whole format without any positional parameters. */
991 return done;
993 /* Here starts the more complex loop to handle positional parameters. */
994 do_positional:
996 /* Array with information about the needed arguments. This has to
997 be dynamically extendable. */
998 size_t nspecs = 0;
999 size_t nspecs_max = 32; /* A more or less arbitrary start value. */
1000 struct printf_spec *specs
1001 = alloca (nspecs_max * sizeof (struct printf_spec));
1003 /* The number of arguments the format string requests. This will
1004 determine the size of the array needed to store the argument
1005 attributes. */
1006 size_t nargs = 0;
1007 int *args_type;
1008 union printf_arg *args_value;
1010 /* Positional parameters refer to arguments directly. This could
1011 also determine the maximum number of arguments. Track the
1012 maximum number. */
1013 size_t max_ref_arg = 0;
1015 /* Just a counter. */
1016 int cnt;
1019 if (grouping == (const char *) -1)
1021 /* XXX Use wctob. But this is incompatible for now. */
1022 /* Figure out the thousands separator character. */
1023 if (mbtowc (&thousands_sep,
1024 _NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP),
1025 strlen (_NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP))) <= 0)
1026 thousands_sep = (wchar_t) *_NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, THOUSANDS_SEP);
1027 grouping = _NL_CURRENT (LC_NUMERIC, GROUPING);
1028 if (*grouping == '\0' || *grouping == CHAR_MAX
1029 || thousands_sep == L'\0')
1030 grouping = NULL;
1033 for (f = lead_str_end; *f != '\0'; f = specs[nspecs++].next_fmt)
1035 if (nspecs >= nspecs_max)
1037 /* Extend the array of format specifiers. */
1038 struct printf_spec *old = specs;
1040 nspecs_max *= 2;
1041 specs = alloca (nspecs_max * sizeof (struct printf_spec));
1043 if (specs == &old[nspecs])
1044 /* Stack grows up, OLD was the last thing allocated;
1045 extend it. */
1046 nspecs_max += nspecs_max / 2;
1047 else
1049 /* Copy the old array's elements to the new space. */
1050 memcpy (specs, old, nspecs * sizeof (struct printf_spec));
1051 if (old == &specs[nspecs])
1052 /* Stack grows down, OLD was just below the new
1053 SPECS. We can use that space when the new space
1054 runs out. */
1055 nspecs_max += nspecs_max / 2;
1059 /* Parse the format specifier. */
1060 nargs += parse_one_spec (f, nargs, &specs[nspecs], &max_ref_arg, NULL);
1063 /* Determine the number of arguments the format string consumes. */
1064 nargs = MAX (nargs, max_ref_arg);
1066 /* Allocate memory for the argument descriptions. */
1067 args_type = alloca (nargs * sizeof (int));
1068 memset (args_type, 0, nargs * sizeof (int));
1069 args_value = alloca (nargs * sizeof (union printf_arg));
1071 /* XXX Could do sanity check here: If any element in ARGS_TYPE is
1072 still zero after this loop, format is invalid. For now we
1073 simply use 0 as the value. */
1075 /* Fill in the types of all the arguments. */
1076 for (cnt = 0; cnt < nspecs; ++cnt)
1078 /* If the width is determined by an argument this is an int. */
1079 if (specs[cnt].width_arg != -1)
1080 args_type[specs[cnt].width_arg] = PA_INT;
1082 /* If the precision is determined by an argument this is an int. */
1083 if (specs[cnt].prec_arg != -1)
1084 args_type[specs[cnt].prec_arg] = PA_INT;
1086 switch (specs[cnt].ndata_args)
1088 case 0: /* No arguments. */
1089 break;
1090 case 1: /* One argument; we already have the type. */
1091 args_type[specs[cnt].data_arg] = specs[cnt].data_arg_type;
1092 break;
1093 default:
1094 /* We have more than one argument for this format spec.
1095 We must call the arginfo function again to determine
1096 all the types. */
1097 (void) (*__printf_arginfo_table[specs[cnt].info.spec])
1098 (&specs[cnt].info,
1099 specs[cnt].ndata_args, &args_type[specs[cnt].data_arg]);
1100 break;
1104 /* Now we know all the types and the order. Fill in the argument
1105 values. */
1106 for (cnt = 0, ap = ap_save; cnt < nargs; ++cnt)
1107 switch (args_type[cnt])
1109 #define T(tag, mem, type) \
1110 case tag: \
1111 args_value[cnt].mem = va_arg (ap, type); \
1112 break
1114 T (PA_CHAR, pa_char, int); /* Promoted. */
1115 T (PA_INT|PA_FLAG_SHORT, pa_short_int, int); /* Promoted. */
1116 T (PA_INT, pa_int, int);
1117 T (PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG, pa_long_int, long int);
1118 T (PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG, pa_long_long_int, long long int);
1119 T (PA_FLOAT, pa_float, double); /* Promoted. */
1120 T (PA_DOUBLE, pa_double, double);
1121 T (PA_DOUBLE|PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE, pa_long_double, long double);
1122 T (PA_STRING, pa_string, const char *);
1123 T (PA_POINTER, pa_pointer, void *);
1124 #undef T
1125 default:
1126 if ((args_type[cnt] & PA_FLAG_PTR) != 0)
1127 args_value[cnt].pa_pointer = va_arg (ap, void *);
1128 else
1129 args_value[cnt].pa_long_double = 0.0;
1130 break;
1133 /* Now walk through all format specifiers and process them. */
1134 for (; nspecs_done < nspecs; ++nspecs_done)
1136 #undef REF
1137 #define REF(Name) &&do2_##Name
1138 #undef LABEL
1139 #define LABEL(Name) do2_##Name
1140 STEP4_TABLE;
1142 int is_negative;
1143 union
1145 unsigned long long int longlong;
1146 unsigned long int word;
1147 } number;
1148 int base;
1149 union printf_arg the_arg;
1150 char *string; /* Pointer to argument string. */
1152 /* Fill variables from values in struct. */
1153 int alt = specs[nspecs_done].info.alt;
1154 int space = specs[nspecs_done].info.space;
1155 int left = specs[nspecs_done].info.left;
1156 int showsign = specs[nspecs_done].info.showsign;
1157 int group = specs[nspecs_done].info.group;
1158 int is_long_double = specs[nspecs_done].info.is_long_double;
1159 int is_short = specs[nspecs_done].info.is_short;
1160 int is_long = specs[nspecs_done].info.is_long;
1161 int width = specs[nspecs_done].info.width;
1162 int prec = specs[nspecs_done].info.prec;
1163 char pad = specs[nspecs_done].info.pad;
1164 CHAR_T spec = specs[nspecs_done].info.spec;
1166 /* Fill in last information. */
1167 if (specs[nspecs_done].width_arg != -1)
1169 /* Extract the field width from an argument. */
1170 specs[nspecs_done].info.width =
1171 args_value[specs[nspecs_done].width_arg].pa_int;
1173 if (specs[nspecs_done].info.width < 0)
1174 /* If the width value is negative left justification is
1175 selected and the value is taken as being positive. */
1177 specs[nspecs_done].info.width *= -1;
1178 left = specs[nspecs_done].info.left = 1;
1180 width = specs[nspecs_done].info.width;
1183 if (specs[nspecs_done].prec_arg != -1)
1185 /* Extract the precision from an argument. */
1186 specs[nspecs_done].info.prec =
1187 args_value[specs[nspecs_done].prec_arg].pa_int;
1189 if (specs[nspecs_done].info.prec < 0)
1190 /* If the precision is negative the precision is
1191 omitted. */
1192 specs[nspecs_done].info.prec = -1;
1194 prec = specs[nspecs_done].info.prec;
1197 /* Process format specifiers. */
1198 while (1)
1200 JUMP (spec, step4_jumps);
1202 process_arg ((&specs[nspecs_done]));
1204 LABEL (form_unknown):
1206 extern printf_function **__printf_function_table;
1207 int function_done;
1208 printf_function *function;
1209 unsigned int i;
1210 const void **ptr;
1212 function =
1213 (__printf_function_table == NULL ? NULL :
1214 __printf_function_table[specs[nspecs_done].info.spec]);
1216 if (function == NULL)
1217 function = &printf_unknown;
1219 ptr = alloca (specs[nspecs_done].ndata_args
1220 * sizeof (const void *));
1222 /* Fill in an array of pointers to the argument values. */
1223 for (i = 0; i < specs[nspecs_done].ndata_args; ++i)
1224 ptr[i] = &args_value[specs[nspecs_done].data_arg + i];
1226 /* Call the function. */
1227 function_done = (*function) (s, &specs[nspecs_done].info, ptr);
1229 /* If an error occured we don't have information about #
1230 of chars. */
1231 if (function_done < 0)
1232 return -1;
1234 done += function_done;
1236 break;
1239 /* Write the following constant string. */
1240 outstring (specs[nspecs_done].end_of_fmt,
1241 specs[nspecs_done].next_fmt
1242 - specs[nspecs_done].end_of_fmt);
1246 return done;
1249 #ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
1250 # undef vfprintf
1251 # ifdef strong_alias
1252 /* This is for glibc. */
1253 strong_alias (_IO_vfprintf, vfprintf);
1254 # else
1255 # if defined __ELF__ || defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
1256 # include <gnu-stabs.h>
1257 # ifdef weak_alias
1258 weak_alias (_IO_vfprintf, vfprintf);
1259 # endif
1260 # endif
1261 # endif
1262 #endif
1264 /* Handle an unknown format specifier. This prints out a canonicalized
1265 representation of the format spec itself. */
1266 static int
1267 printf_unknown (FILE *s, const struct printf_info *info,
1268 const void *const *args)
1271 int done = 0;
1272 char work_buffer[BUFSIZ];
1273 register char *w;
1275 outchar ('%');
1277 if (info->alt)
1278 outchar ('#');
1279 if (info->group)
1280 outchar ('\'');
1281 if (info->showsign)
1282 outchar ('+');
1283 else if (info->space)
1284 outchar (' ');
1285 if (info->left)
1286 outchar ('-');
1287 if (info->pad == '0')
1288 outchar ('0');
1290 if (info->width != 0)
1292 w = _itoa_word (info->width, workend + 1, 10, 0);
1293 while (++w <= workend)
1294 outchar (*w);
1297 if (info->prec != -1)
1299 outchar ('.');
1300 w = _itoa_word (info->prec, workend + 1, 10, 0);
1301 while (++w <= workend)
1302 outchar (*w);
1305 if (info->spec != '\0')
1306 outchar (info->spec);
1308 return done;
1311 /* Group the digits according to the grouping rules of the current locale.
1312 The interpretation of GROUPING is as in `struct lconv' from <locale.h>. */
1313 static char *
1314 group_number (CHAR_T *w, CHAR_T *rear_ptr, const CHAR_T *grouping,
1315 wchar_t thousands_sep)
1317 int len;
1318 char *src, *s;
1320 /* We treat all negative values like CHAR_MAX. */
1322 if (*grouping == CHAR_MAX || *grouping < 0)
1323 /* No grouping should be done. */
1324 return w;
1326 len = *grouping;
1328 /* Copy existing string so that nothing gets overwritten. */
1329 src = (char *) alloca (rear_ptr - w);
1330 memcpy (src, w + 1, rear_ptr - w);
1331 s = &src[rear_ptr - w - 1];
1332 w = rear_ptr;
1334 /* Process all characters in the string. */
1335 while (s >= src)
1337 *w-- = *s--;
1339 if (--len == 0 && s >= src)
1341 /* A new group begins. */
1342 *w-- = thousands_sep;
1344 len = *grouping++;
1345 if (*grouping == '\0')
1346 /* The previous grouping repeats ad infinitum. */
1347 --grouping;
1348 else if (*grouping == CHAR_MAX || *grouping < 0)
1350 /* No further grouping to be done.
1351 Copy the rest of the number. */
1353 *w-- = *s--;
1354 while (s >= src);
1355 break;
1359 return w;
1362 #ifdef USE_IN_LIBIO
1363 /* Helper "class" for `fprintf to unbuffered': creates a temporary buffer. */
1364 struct helper_file
1366 struct _IO_FILE_plus _f;
1367 _IO_FILE *_put_stream;
1370 static int
1371 _IO_helper_overflow (_IO_FILE *s, int c)
1373 _IO_FILE *target = ((struct helper_file*) s)->_put_stream;
1374 int used = s->_IO_write_ptr - s->_IO_write_base;
1375 if (used)
1377 _IO_size_t written = _IO_sputn (target, s->_IO_write_base, used);
1378 s->_IO_write_ptr -= written;
1380 return _IO_putc (c, s);
1383 static const struct _IO_jump_t _IO_helper_jumps =
1385 JUMP_INIT_DUMMY,
1386 JUMP_INIT (finish, _IO_default_finish),
1387 JUMP_INIT (overflow, _IO_helper_overflow),
1388 JUMP_INIT (underflow, _IO_default_underflow),
1389 JUMP_INIT (uflow, _IO_default_uflow),
1390 JUMP_INIT (pbackfail, _IO_default_pbackfail),
1391 JUMP_INIT (xsputn, _IO_default_xsputn),
1392 JUMP_INIT (xsgetn, _IO_default_xsgetn),
1393 JUMP_INIT (seekoff, _IO_default_seekoff),
1394 JUMP_INIT (seekpos, _IO_default_seekpos),
1395 JUMP_INIT (setbuf, _IO_default_setbuf),
1396 JUMP_INIT (sync, _IO_default_sync),
1397 JUMP_INIT (doallocate, _IO_default_doallocate),
1398 JUMP_INIT (read, _IO_default_read),
1399 JUMP_INIT (write, _IO_default_write),
1400 JUMP_INIT (seek, _IO_default_seek),
1401 JUMP_INIT (close, _IO_default_close),
1402 JUMP_INIT (stat, _IO_default_stat)
1405 static int
1406 buffered_vfprintf (register _IO_FILE *s, const CHAR_T *format,
1407 _IO_va_list args)
1409 char buf[_IO_BUFSIZ];
1410 struct helper_file helper;
1411 register _IO_FILE *hp = (_IO_FILE *) &helper;
1412 int result, to_flush;
1414 /* Initialize helper. */
1415 helper._put_stream = s;
1416 hp->_IO_write_base = buf;
1417 hp->_IO_write_ptr = buf;
1418 hp->_IO_write_end = buf + sizeof buf;
1419 hp->_IO_file_flags = _IO_MAGIC|_IO_NO_READS;
1420 _IO_JUMPS (hp) = (struct _IO_jump_t *) &_IO_helper_jumps;
1422 /* Now print to helper instead. */
1423 result = _IO_vfprintf (hp, format, args);
1425 /* Now flush anything from the helper to the S. */
1426 if ((to_flush = hp->_IO_write_ptr - hp->_IO_write_base) > 0)
1428 if (_IO_sputn (s, hp->_IO_write_base, to_flush) != to_flush)
1429 return -1;
1432 return result;
1435 #else /* !USE_IN_LIBIO */
1437 static int
1438 buffered_vfprintf (register FILE *s, const CHAR_T *format, va_list args)
1440 char buf[BUFSIZ];
1441 int result;
1443 s->__bufp = s->__buffer = buf;
1444 s->__bufsize = sizeof buf;
1445 s->__put_limit = s->__buffer + s->__bufsize;
1446 s->__get_limit = s->__buffer;
1448 /* Now use buffer to print. */
1449 result = vfprintf (s, format, args);
1451 if (fflush (s) == EOF)
1452 result = -1;
1453 s->__buffer = s->__bufp = s->__get_limit = s->__put_limit = NULL;
1454 s->__bufsize = 0;
1456 return result;
1459 /* Pads string with given number of a specified character.
1460 This code is taken from iopadn.c of the GNU I/O library. */
1461 #define PADSIZE 16
1462 static const CHAR_T blanks[PADSIZE] =
1463 { L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '),
1464 L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' '), L_(' ') };
1465 static const CHAR_T zeroes[PADSIZE] =
1466 { L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'),
1467 L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0'), L_('0') };
1469 ssize_t
1470 #ifndef COMPILE_WPRINTF
1471 __printf_pad (FILE *s, char pad, size_t count)
1472 #else
1473 __wprintf_pad (FILE *s, wchar_t pad, size_t count)
1474 #endif
1476 const CHAR_T *padptr;
1477 register size_t i;
1479 padptr = pad == L_(' ') ? blanks : zeroes;
1481 for (i = count; i >= PADSIZE; i -= PADSIZE)
1482 if (PUT (s, padptr, PADSIZE) != PADSIZE)
1483 return -1;
1484 if (i > 0)
1485 if (PUT (s, padptr, i) != i)
1486 return -1;
1488 return count;
1490 #undef PADSIZE
1491 #endif /* USE_IN_LIBIO */