1 @appendix Free Software Needs Free Documentation
2 @cindex free documentation
4 The biggest deficiency in the free software community today is not in
5 the software---it is the lack of good free documentation that we can
6 include with the free software. Many of our most important
7 programs do not come with free reference manuals and free introductory
8 texts. Documentation is an essential part of any software package;
9 when an important free software package does not come with a free
10 manual and a free tutorial, that is a major gap. We have many such
13 Consider Perl, for instance. The tutorial manuals that people
14 normally use are non-free. How did this come about? Because the
15 authors of those manuals published them with restrictive terms---no
16 copying, no modification, source files not available---which exclude
17 them from the free software world.
19 That wasn't the first time this sort of thing happened, and it was far
20 from the last. Many times we have heard a GNU user eagerly describe a
21 manual that he is writing, his intended contribution to the community,
22 only to learn that he had ruined everything by signing a publication
23 contract to make it non-free.
25 Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not
26 price. The problem with the non-free manual is not that publishers
27 charge a price for printed copies---that in itself is fine. (The Free
28 Software Foundation sells printed copies of manuals, too.) The
29 problem is the restrictions on the use of the manual. Free manuals
30 are available in source code form, and give you permission to copy and
31 modify. Non-free manuals do not allow this.
33 The criteria of freedom for a free manual are roughly the same as for
34 free software. Redistribution (including the normal kinds of
35 commercial redistribution) must be permitted, so that the manual can
36 accompany every copy of the program, both on-line and on paper.
38 Permission for modification of the technical content is crucial too.
39 When people modify the software, adding or changing features, if they
40 are conscientious they will change the manual too---so they can
41 provide accurate and clear documentation for the modified program. A
42 manual that leaves you no choice but to write a new manual to document
43 a changed version of the program is not really available to our
46 Some kinds of limits on the way modification is handled are
47 acceptable. For example, requirements to preserve the original
48 author's copyright notice, the distribution terms, or the list of
49 authors, are ok. It is also no problem to require modified versions
50 to include notice that they were modified. Even entire sections that
51 may not be deleted or changed are acceptable, as long as they deal
52 with nontechnical topics (like this one). These kinds of restrictions
53 are acceptable because they don't obstruct the community's normal use
56 However, it must be possible to modify all the @emph{technical}
57 content of the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual
58 media, through all the usual channels. Otherwise, the restrictions
59 obstruct the use of the manual, it is not free, and we need another
62 Please spread the word about this issue. Our community continues to
63 lose manuals to proprietary publishing. If we spread the word that
64 free software needs free reference manuals and free tutorials, perhaps
65 the next person who wants to contribute by writing documentation will
66 realize, before it is too late, that only free manuals contribute to
67 the free software community.
69 If you are writing documentation, please insist on publishing it under
70 the GNU Free Documentation License or another free documentation
71 license. Remember that this decision requires your approval---you
72 don't have to let the publisher decide. Some commercial publishers
73 will use a free license if you insist, but they will not propose the
74 option; it is up to you to raise the issue and say firmly that this is
75 what you want. If the publisher you are dealing with refuses, please
76 try other publishers. If you're not sure whether a proposed license
77 is free, write to @email{licensing@@gnu.org}.
79 You can encourage commercial publishers to sell more free, copylefted
80 manuals and tutorials by buying them, and particularly by buying
81 copies from the publishers that paid for their writing or for major
82 improvements. Meanwhile, try to avoid buying non-free documentation
83 at all. Check the distribution terms of a manual before you buy it,
84 and insist that whoever seeks your business must respect your freedom.
85 Check the history of the book, and try reward the publishers that have
86 paid or pay the authors to work on it.
88 The Free Software Foundation maintains a list of free documentation
89 published by other publishers, at
90 @url{http://www.fsf.org/doc/other-free-books.html}.