stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
  16    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  23
  24 #include <features.h>
  25
  26 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  27 #define         __need_size_t
  28 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  29 # define        __need_wchar_t
  30 # define        __need_NULL
  31 #endif
  32 #include <stddef.h>
  33
  34 __BEGIN_DECLS
  35
  36 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  37 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  38
  39 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  40 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  41 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  42 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  43
  44 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  45 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS (status)
  46 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG (status)
  47 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG (status)
  48 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED (status)
  49 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED (status)
  50 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED (status)
  51 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  52 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED (status)
  53 # endif
  54 #endif  /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  55
  56 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  57 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  58 typedef struct
  59   {
  60     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  61     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  62   } div_t;
  63
  64 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
  65 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
  66 typedef struct
  67   {
  68     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
  69     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
  70   } ldiv_t;
  71 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
  72 #endif
  73 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
  74
  75 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
  76 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
  77 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
  78 __extension__ typedef struct
  79   {
  80     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
  81     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
  82   } lldiv_t;
  83 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
  84 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
  85 #endif
  86
  87
  88 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
  89 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
  90
  91
  92 /* We define these the same for all machines.
  93    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
  94 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
  95 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
  96
  97
  98 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
  99 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 100 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
 101
 102
 103 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 104 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 105 extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
 106      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 107 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 108 extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
 109      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 110 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 111 extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
 112      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 113 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 114
 115 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 116 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 117 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 118 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
 119      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 120 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 121 #endif
 122
 123 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 124 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 125 extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 126                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 127      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 128 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 129
 130 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 131 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 132 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 133 extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 134                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 135
 136 extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 137                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 138      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 139 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 140 #endif
 141
 142 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 143 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 144 extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 145                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 146      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 147 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 148 extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 149                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 150      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 151 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 152
 153 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 154 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 155 __extension__
 156 extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 157                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 158      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 159 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 160 __extension__
 161 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 162                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 163      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 164 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 165
 166 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 167 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 168 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 169 __extension__
 170 extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 171                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 172      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 173 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 174 __extension__
 175 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 176                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 177      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 178 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 179 #endif /* ISO C99 or use MISC.  */
 180
 181
 182 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 183 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 184    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 185    information from several different locales.  Another problem is
 186    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 187    ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 188    the functions using locale data exist which take an additional
 189    argument.
 190
 191    Attention: even though several *_l interfaces are part of POSIX:2008,
 192    these are not.  */
 193
 194 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 195    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 196 # include <xlocale.h>
 197
 198 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 199    use as an additional parameter.  */
 200 extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 202                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 203
 204 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 205                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 206                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 207      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 208
 209 __extension__
 210 extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 211                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 212                                 __locale_t __loc)
 213      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 214
 215 __extension__
 216 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 217                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 218                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 219      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 220
 221 extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 222                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 223      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 224
 225 extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 226                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 227      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 228
 229 extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 230                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 231                               __locale_t __loc)
 232      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 233 #endif /* GNU */
 234
 235
 236 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 237 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 238 __extern_inline int
 239 __NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
 240 {
 241   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 242 }
 243 __extern_inline long int
 244 __NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
 245 {
 246   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 247 }
 248 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 249
 250 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 251 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 252 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 253 __NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
 254 {
 255   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 256 }
 257 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 258 # endif
 259 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 260
 261
 262 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 263 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 264    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 265    next call.  */
 266 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 267
 268 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 269 extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
 270      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 271
 272 #endif  /* Use misc || extended X/Open.  */
 273
 274 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 275 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 276
 277 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 278    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 279    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 280    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 281 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 282 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 283
 284 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 285 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 286
 287 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 288    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 289    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 290    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 291 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 292                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 293
 294 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 295    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 296 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 297
 298
 299 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 300 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 301    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 302    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 303
 304 struct random_data
 305   {
 306     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 307     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 308     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 309     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 310     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 311     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 312     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 313   };
 314
 315 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 316                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 317
 318 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 319      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 320
 321 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 322                         size_t __statelen,
 323                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 324      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 325
 326 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 327                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 328      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 329 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 330 #endif  /* Use extended X/Open || misc. */
 331
 332
 333 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 334 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 335 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 336 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 337 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 338 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 339
 340 #ifdef __USE_POSIX199506
 341 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 342 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 343 #endif
 344
 345
 346 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 347 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 348
 349 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 350 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 351 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 352
 353 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 354 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 355 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 356      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 357
 358 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 359 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 360 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 361      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 362
 363 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 364 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 365 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 366      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 367 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 368
 369 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 370 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 371    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 372    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 373 struct drand48_data
 374   {
 375     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 376     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 377     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 378     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 379     __extension__ unsigned long long int __a;   /* Factor in congruential
 380                                                    formula.  */
 381   };
 382
 383 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 384 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 385                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 386 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 387                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 388                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 389
 390 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 391 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 392                       long int *__restrict __result)
 393      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 394 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 395                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 396                       long int *__restrict __result)
 397      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 398
 399 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 400 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 401                       long int *__restrict __result)
 402      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 403 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 404                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 405                       long int *__restrict __result)
 406      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 407
 408 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 409 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 410      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 411
 412 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 413                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 414
 415 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 416                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 417      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 418 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 419 #endif  /* Use misc or X/Open.  */
 420
 421 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 422
 423 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 424 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 425 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 426 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 427 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 428 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 429 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 430      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 431 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 432 #endif
 433
 434 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 435 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 436 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 437    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 438 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
 439    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 440    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 441 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 442      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 443 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 444 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 445 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 446
 447 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 448 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 449 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 450 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 451
 452 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 453 # include <alloca.h>
 454 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 455
 456 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
 457     || defined __USE_MISC
 458 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 459 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 460 #endif
 461
 462 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 463 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 464 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 465      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 466 #endif
 467
 468 #ifdef __USE_ISOC11
 469 /* ISO C variant of aligned allocation.  */
 470 extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 471      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2)) __wur;
 472 #endif
 473
 474 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 475 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 476 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 477
 478
 479 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 480 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 481
 482 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 483 /* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called.  */
 484 # ifdef __cplusplus
 485 extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
 486      __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
 487 # else
 488 extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 489 # endif
 490 #endif
 491 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 492
 493 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 494 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 495    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 496 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 497      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 498 #endif
 499
 500 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 501 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 502    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
 503    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 504 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 505
 506 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 507 /* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
 508    of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
 509    execution with STATUS.  */
 510 extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 511 #endif
 512 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 513
 514 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 515 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 516 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 517    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 518 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 519 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 520 #endif
 521
 522
 523 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 524 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 525 extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 526 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 527
 528 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 529 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 530    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 531 extern char *secure_getenv (const char *__name)
 532      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 533 #endif
 534
 535 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 536 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 537 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 538    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 539 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 540 #endif
 541
 542 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 543 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 544    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 545 extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
 546      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 547
 548 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 549 extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 550 #endif
 551
 552 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 553 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 554    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 555    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 556 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 557 #endif
 558
 559
 560 #if defined __USE_MISC \
 561     || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8)
 562 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 563    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 564    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 565    Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
 566    string if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 567 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 568 #endif
 569
 570 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 571 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 572    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 573    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 574    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 575    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 576
 577    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 578    marked with __THROW.  */
 579 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 580 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 581 # else
 582 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 583 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 584      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 585 #  else
 586 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 587 #  endif
 588 # endif
 589 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 590 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 591 # endif
 592 #endif
 593
 594 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 595 /* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 596    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 597    parameter.
 598
 599    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 600    marked with __THROW.  */
 601 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 602 extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 603 # else
 604 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 605 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
 606                        mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 607 #  else
 608 #   define mkstemps mkstemps64
 609 #  endif
 610 # endif
 611 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 612 extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
 613      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 614 # endif
 615 #endif
 616
 617 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
 618 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 619    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 620    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 621    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 622    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 623 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 624 #endif
 625
 626 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 627 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
 628    mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
 629    used in the open call to create the file..
 630
 631    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 632    marked with __THROW.  */
 633 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 634 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 635 # else
 636 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 637 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
 638      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 639 #  else
 640 #   define mkostemp mkostemp64
 641 #  endif
 642 # endif
 643 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 644 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 645 # endif
 646
 647 /* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 648    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 649    parameter.
 650
 651    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 652    marked with __THROW.  */
 653 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 654 extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 655      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 656 # else
 657 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 658 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
 659                                    int __flags), mkostemps64)
 660      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 661 #  else
 662 #   define mkostemps mkostemps64
 663 #  endif
 664 # endif
 665 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 666 extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 667      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 668 # endif
 669 #endif
 670
 671
 672 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 673 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 674
 675    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 676    __THROW.  */
 677 extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
 678 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 679
 680
 681 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 682 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 683    existing named file.  */
 684 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
 685      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 686 #endif
 687
 688 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 689 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 690    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 691    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 692    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 693    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 694 extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
 695                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 696 #endif
 697
 698
 699 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 700 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 701 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 702 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
 703
 704 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 705 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 706 # endif
 707 #endif
 708 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 709 typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
 710 #endif
 711
 712 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 713 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 714    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 715 extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
 716                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 717      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 718
 719 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 720 # include <bits/stdlib-bsearch.h>
 721 #endif
 722
 723 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 724    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 725 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 726                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 727 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 728 extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 729                      __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
 730   __nonnull ((1, 4));
 731 #endif
 732
 733
 734 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 735 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 736 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 737 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 738
 739 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 740 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 741      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 742 #endif
 743
 744
 745 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 746 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 747    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 748 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 749 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 750      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 751 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 752      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 753 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 754
 755 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 756 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 757 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 758                                     long long int __denom)
 759      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 760 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 761 #endif
 762
 763
 764 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) \
 765     || defined __USE_MISC
 766 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 767    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 768
 769 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 770    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 771    with the sign of the number.  */
 772 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 773                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 774
 775 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 776    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 777    the number.  */
 778 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 779                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 780
 781 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 782    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 783    be written to BUF.  */
 784 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 785      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 786 #endif
 787
 788 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 789 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 790 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 791                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 792      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 793 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 794                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 795      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 796 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 797      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 798
 799
 800 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 801    buffers.  */
 802 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 803                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 804                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 805 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 806                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 807                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 808
 809 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 810                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 811                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 812      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 813 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 814                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 815                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 816      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 817 #endif  /* misc */
 818
 819
 820 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 821 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 822    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 823 extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 824 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 825    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 826 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 827                    const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 828 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 829    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 830 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 831
 832
 833 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 834 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 835                         const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 836 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 837 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 838                         const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 839      __THROW;
 840 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 841
 842
 843 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 844 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 845    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 846    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 847    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 848 extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 849 #endif
 850
 851
 852 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 853 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 854    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 855    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 856    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 857    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 858    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 859 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 860                       char *const *__restrict __tokens,
 861                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 862      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 863 #endif
 864
 865
 866 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 867 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 868 extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 869 #endif
 870
 871
 872 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 873
 874 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
 875 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 876 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 877 #endif
 878
 879 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 880 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 881    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 882
 883 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 884 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 885
 886 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 887    Call after grantpt().  */
 888 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 889
 890 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave associated with
 891    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 892    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 893 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 894 #endif
 895
 896 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 897 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 898    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 899    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 900 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 901      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 902
 903 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 904 extern int getpt (void);
 905 #endif
 906
 907 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 908 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 909    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 910    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 911 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 912      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 913 #endif
 914
 915 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 916 /* Return the index into the active-logins file (utmp) for
 917    the controlling terminal.  */
 918 extern int ttyslot (void) __THROW;
 919 #endif
 920
 921 #include <bits/stdlib-float.h>
 922
 923 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
 924 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
 925 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
 926 #endif
 927 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
 928 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
 929 #endif
 930
 931 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 932 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 933
 934 __END_DECLS
 935
 936 #endif /* stdlib.h  */