stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2007, 2009-2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
  16    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  23
  24 #include <features.h>
  25
  26 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  27 #define         __need_size_t
  28 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  29 # define        __need_wchar_t
  30 # define        __need_NULL
  31 #endif
  32 #include <stddef.h>
  33
  34 __BEGIN_DECLS
  35
  36 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  37 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  38
  39 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  40 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  41 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  42 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  43
  44 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  45
  46 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  47    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  48
  49 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  50 #   define __WAIT_INT(status) \
  51   (__extension__ (((union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; }) \
  52                    { .__in = (status) }).__i))
  53 #  else
  54 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  55 #  endif
  56
  57 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  58    causes redeclarations with either `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  59    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  60    the actual function definitions.  */
  61
  62 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  63 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  65 #  else
  66 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  67 typedef union
  68   {
  69     union wait *__uptr;
  70     int *__iptr;
  71   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  72 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  73 #  endif
  74
  75 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  76
  77 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  78 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  80
  81 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  82
  83 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  84 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS (__WAIT_INT (status))
  85 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG (__WAIT_INT (status))
  86 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG (__WAIT_INT (status))
  87 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED (__WAIT_INT (status))
  88 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED (__WAIT_INT (status))
  89 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED (__WAIT_INT (status))
  90 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  91 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED (__WAIT_INT (status))
  92 # endif
  93 #endif  /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  94
  95 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  96 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  97 typedef struct
  98   {
  99     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
 100     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
 101   } div_t;
 102
 103 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 104 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 105 typedef struct
 106   {
 107     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 108     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 109   } ldiv_t;
 110 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 111 #endif
 112 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 113
 114 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 115 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 116 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 117 __extension__ typedef struct
 118   {
 119     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 120     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 121   } lldiv_t;
 122 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 123 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 124 #endif
 125
 126
 127 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 128 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 129
 130
 131 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 132    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 133 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 134 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 135
 136
 137 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 138 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 139 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
 140
 141
 142 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 143 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 144 extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
 145      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 146 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 147 extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
 148      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 149 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 150 extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
 151      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 152 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 153
 154 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 155 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 156 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 157 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
 158      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 159 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 160 #endif
 161
 162 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 163 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 164 extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 165                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 166      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 167 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 168
 169 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 170 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 171 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 172 extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 173                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 174
 175 extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 176                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 177      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 178 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 179 #endif
 180
 181 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 182 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 183 extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 184                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 185      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 186 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 187 extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 189      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 190 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 191
 192 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 193 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 194 __extension__
 195 extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 196                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 197      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 198 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 199 __extension__
 200 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 202      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 203 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 204
 205 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 206 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 207 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 208 __extension__
 209 extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 210                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 211      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 212 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 213 __extension__
 214 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 215                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 216      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 217 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 218 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 219
 220
 221 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 222 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 223    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 224    information from several different locales.  Another problem is
 225    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 226    ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 227    the functions using locale data exist which take an additional
 228    argument.
 229
 230    Attention: even though several *_l interfaces are part of POSIX:2008,
 231    these are not.  */
 232
 233 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 234    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 235 # include <xlocale.h>
 236
 237 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 238    use as an additional parameter.  */
 239 extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 240                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 241                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 242
 243 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 244                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 245                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 246      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 247
 248 __extension__
 249 extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 250                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 251                                 __locale_t __loc)
 252      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 253
 254 __extension__
 255 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 256                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 257                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 258      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 259
 260 extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 261                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 262      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 263
 264 extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 265                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 266      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 267
 268 extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 269                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 270                               __locale_t __loc)
 271      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 272 #endif /* GNU */
 273
 274
 275 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 276 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 277 __extern_inline double
 278 __NTH (atof (const char *__nptr))
 279 {
 280   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 281 }
 282 __extern_inline int
 283 __NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
 284 {
 285   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 286 }
 287 __extern_inline long int
 288 __NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
 289 {
 290   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 291 }
 292 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 293
 294 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 295 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 296 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 297 __NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
 298 {
 299   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 300 }
 301 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 302 # endif
 303 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 304
 305
 306 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 307 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 308    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 309    next call.  */
 310 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 311
 312 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 313 extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
 314      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 315
 316 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 317
 318 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
 319 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 320
 321 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 322    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 323    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 324    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 325 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 326 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 327
 328 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 329 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 330
 331 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 332    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 333    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 334    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 335 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 336                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 337
 338 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 339    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 340 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 341
 342
 343 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 344 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 345    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 346    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 347
 348 struct random_data
 349   {
 350     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 351     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 352     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 353     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 354     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 355     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 356     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 357   };
 358
 359 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 360                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 361
 362 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 363      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 364
 365 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 366                         size_t __statelen,
 367                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 368      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 369
 370 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 371                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 372      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 373 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 374 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
 375
 376
 377 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 378 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 379 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 380 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 381 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 382 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 383
 384 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 385 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 386 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 387 #endif
 388
 389
 390 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 391 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 392
 393 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 394 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 395 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 396
 397 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 398 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 399 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 400      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 401
 402 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 403 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 404 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 405      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 406
 407 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 408 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 409 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 410      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 411 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 412
 413 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 414 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 415    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 416    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 417 struct drand48_data
 418   {
 419     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 420     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 421     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 422     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 423     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 424   };
 425
 426 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 427 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 428                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 429 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 430                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 431                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 432
 433 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 434 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 435                       long int *__restrict __result)
 436      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 437 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 438                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 439                       long int *__restrict __result)
 440      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 441
 442 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 443 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 444                       long int *__restrict __result)
 445      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 446 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 447                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 448                       long int *__restrict __result)
 449      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 450
 451 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 452 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 453      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 454
 455 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 456                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 457
 458 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 459                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 460      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 461 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 462 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 463
 464 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 465
 466 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 467 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 468 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 469 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 470 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 471 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 472 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 473      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 474 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 475 #endif
 476
 477 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 478 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 479 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 480    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 481 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
 482    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 483    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 484 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 485      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 486 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 487 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 488 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 489
 490 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 491 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 492 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 493 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 494
 495 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 496 # include <alloca.h>
 497 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 498
 499 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
 500     || defined __USE_BSD
 501 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 502 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 503 #endif
 504
 505 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 506 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 507 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 508      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 509 #endif
 510
 511 #ifdef __USE_ISOC11
 512 /* ISO C variant of aligned allocation.  */
 513 extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 514      __THROW __wur __attribute__ ((__malloc__, __alloc_size__ (2)));
 515 #endif
 516
 517 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 518 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 519 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 520
 521
 522 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 523 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 524
 525 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 526 /* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called.  */
 527 # ifdef __cplusplus
 528 extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
 529      __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
 530 # else
 531 extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 532 # endif
 533 #endif
 534 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 535
 536 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 537 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 538    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 539 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 540      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 541 #endif
 542
 543 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 544 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 545    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
 546    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 547 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 548
 549 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 550 /* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
 551    of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
 552    execution with STATUS.  */
 553 extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 554 #endif
 555 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 556
 557 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 558 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 559 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 560    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 561 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 562 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 563 #endif
 564
 565
 566 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 567 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 568 extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 569 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 570
 571 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 572    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 573 extern char *__secure_getenv (const char *__name)
 574      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 575
 576 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 577 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 578 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 579    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 580 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 581 #endif
 582
 583 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 584 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 585    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 586 extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
 587      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 588
 589 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 590 extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 591 #endif
 592
 593 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 594 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 595    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 596    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 597 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 598 #endif
 599
 600
 601 #if defined __USE_MISC \
 602     || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K)
 603 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 604    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 605    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 606    Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
 607    string if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 608 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 609 #endif
 610
 611 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED \
 612     || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 613 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 614    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 615    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 616    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 617    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 618
 619    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 620    marked with __THROW.  */
 621 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 622 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 623 # else
 624 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 625 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 626      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 627 #  else
 628 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 629 #  endif
 630 # endif
 631 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 632 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 633 # endif
 634 #endif
 635
 636 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 637 /* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 638    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 639    parameter.
 640
 641    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 642    marked with __THROW.  */
 643 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 644 extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 645 # else
 646 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 647 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
 648                        mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 649 #  else
 650 #   define mkstemps mkstemps64
 651 #  endif
 652 # endif
 653 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 654 extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
 655      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 656 # endif
 657 #endif
 658
 659 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 660 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 661    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 662    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 663    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 664    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 665 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 666 #endif
 667
 668 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 669 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
 670    mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
 671    used in the open call to create the file..
 672
 673    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 674    marked with __THROW.  */
 675 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 676 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 677 # else
 678 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 679 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
 680      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 681 #  else
 682 #   define mkostemp mkostemp64
 683 #  endif
 684 # endif
 685 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 686 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 687 # endif
 688
 689 /* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 690    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 691    parameter.
 692
 693    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 694    marked with __THROW.  */
 695 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 696 extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 697      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 698 # else
 699 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 700 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
 701                                    int __flags), mkostemps64)
 702      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 703 #  else
 704 #   define mkostemps mkostemps64
 705 #  endif
 706 # endif
 707 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 708 extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 709      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 710 # endif
 711 #endif
 712
 713
 714 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 715 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 716
 717    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 718    __THROW.  */
 719 extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
 720 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 721
 722
 723 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 724 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 725    existing named file.  */
 726 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
 727      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 728 #endif
 729
 730 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 731 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 732    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 733    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 734    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 735    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 736 extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
 737                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 738 #endif
 739
 740
 741 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 742 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 743 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 744 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
 745
 746 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 747 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 748 # endif
 749 #endif
 750 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 751 typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
 752 #endif
 753
 754 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 755 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 756    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 757 extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
 758                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 759      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 760
 761 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 762    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 763 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 764                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 765 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 766 extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 767                      __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
 768   __nonnull ((1, 4));
 769 #endif
 770
 771
 772 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 773 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 774 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 775 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 776
 777 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 778 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 779      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 780 #endif
 781
 782
 783 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 784 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 785    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 786 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 787 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 788      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 789 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 790      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 791 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 792
 793 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 794 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 795 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 796                                     long long int __denom)
 797      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 798 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 799 #endif
 800
 801
 802 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
 803     || defined __USE_SVID
 804 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 805    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 806
 807 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 808    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 809    with the sign of the number.  */
 810 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 811                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 812
 813 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 814    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 815    the number.  */
 816 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 817                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 818
 819 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 820    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 821    be written to BUF.  */
 822 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 823      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 824
 825
 826 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 827 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 828 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 829                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 830      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 831 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 832                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 833      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 834 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 835      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 836
 837
 838 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 839    buffers.  */
 840 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 841                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 842                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 843 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 844                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 845                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 846
 847 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 848                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 849                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 850      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 851 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 852                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 853                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 854      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 855 # endif /* misc */
 856 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 857
 858
 859 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 860 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 861    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 862 extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 863 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 864    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 865 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 866                    const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 867 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 868    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 869 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;
 870
 871
 872 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 873 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 874                         const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 875 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 876 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 877                         const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 878      __THROW;
 879 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 880
 881
 882 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 883 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 884    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 885    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 886    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 887 extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 888 #endif
 889
 890
 891 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 892 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 893    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 894    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 895    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 896    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 897    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 898 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 899                       char *const *__restrict __tokens,
 900                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 901      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 902 #endif
 903
 904
 905 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 906 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 907 extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 908 #endif
 909
 910
 911 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 912
 913 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
 914 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 915 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 916 #endif
 917
 918 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 919 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 920    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 921
 922 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 923 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 924
 925 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 926    Call after grantpt().  */
 927 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 928
 929 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 930    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 931    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 932 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 933 #endif
 934
 935 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 936 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 937    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 938    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 939 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 940      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 941
 942 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 943 extern int getpt (void);
 944 #endif
 945
 946 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 947 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 948    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 949    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 950 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 951      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 952 #endif
 953
 954
 955 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
 956 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
 957 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
 958 #endif
 959 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
 960 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
 961 #endif
 962
 963 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 964 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 965
 966 __END_DECLS
 967
 968 #endif /* stdlib.h  */