stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  92
  93 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  94 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  95 typedef struct
  96   {
  97     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  98     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  99   } div_t;
 100
 101 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 102 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 103 typedef struct
 104   {
 105     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 106     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 107   } ldiv_t;
 108 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 109 #endif
 110 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 111
 112 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 113 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 114 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 115 __extension__ typedef struct
 116   {
 117     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 118     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 119   } lldiv_t;
 120 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 121 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 122 #endif
 123
 124
 125 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 126 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 127
 128
 129 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 130    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 131 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 132 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 133
 134
 135 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 136 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 137 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 138
 139
 140 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 141 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 142 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 143 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 144 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 145 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 146 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 147 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 148
 149 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 150 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 151 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 152 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 153      __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 154 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 155 #endif
 156
 157 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 158 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 159 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 160                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 161 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 162
 163 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 164 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 165 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 166 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 167                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 168
 169 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 170                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 171 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 172 #endif
 173
 174 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 175 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 176 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 178 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 179 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 180                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 181      __THROW;
 182 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 183
 184 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 186 __extension__
 187 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 189 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 190 __extension__
 191 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 192                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 193      __THROW;
 194 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 195
 196 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 197 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 198 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 199 __extension__
 200 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 202 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 203 __extension__
 204 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 205                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 206      __THROW;
 207 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 208 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 209
 210
 211 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 212 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 213    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 214    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 215    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 216    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 217    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 218    argument.
 219
 220    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 221    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 222
 223 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 224    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 225 # include <xlocale.h>
 226
 227 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 228    use as an additional parameter.  */
 229 extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 230                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 231                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 232
 233 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 234                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 235                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 236
 237 __extension__
 238 extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 239                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 240                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 241
 242 __extension__
 243 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 244                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 245                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 246      __THROW;
 247
 248 extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 249                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 250      __THROW;
 251
 252 extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 253                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 254
 255 extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 256                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 257                               __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 258 #endif /* GNU */
 259
 260
 261 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 262    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 263
 264 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 265                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 266      __THROW;
 267 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 268                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 269      __THROW;
 270 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 271                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 272                                        int __group) __THROW;
 273 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 274 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 275                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 276                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 277 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 278 #endif
 279 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 280 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 281                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 282                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 283 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 284 #endif
 285 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 286 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 287 __extension__
 288 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 289                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 290                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 291 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 292 # endif
 293 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 294 __extension__
 295 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 296                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 297                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 298                                                    int __base, int __group)
 299      __THROW;
 300 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 301 # endif
 302 #endif /* GCC */
 303
 304 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 305 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 306
 307 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 308 extern __inline double
 309 __NTH (strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 310 {
 311   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 312 }
 313 extern __inline long int
 314 __NTH (strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 315                int __base))
 316 {
 317   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 318 }
 319 extern __inline unsigned long int
 320 __NTH (strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 321                 int __base))
 322 {
 323   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 324 }
 325 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 326
 327 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 328 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 329 extern __inline float
 330 __NTH (strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 331 {
 332   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 333 }
 334 extern __inline long double
 335 __NTH (strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 336 {
 337   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 338 }
 339 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 340 # endif
 341
 342 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 343 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 344 __NTH (strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 345                int __base))
 346 {
 347   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 348 }
 349 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 350 __NTH (strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 351                 int __base))
 352 {
 353   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 354 }
 355 # endif
 356
 357 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 358 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 359 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 360 __NTH (strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 361                 int __base))
 362 {
 363   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 364 }
 365 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 366 __NTH (strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 367                  int __base))
 368 {
 369   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 370 }
 371 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 372 # endif
 373
 374 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 375 extern __inline double
 376 __NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
 377 {
 378   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 379 }
 380 extern __inline int
 381 __NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
 382 {
 383   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 384 }
 385 extern __inline long int
 386 __NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
 387 {
 388   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 389 }
 390 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 391
 392 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 393 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 394 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 395 __NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
 396 {
 397   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 398 }
 399 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 400 # endif
 401 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 402
 403
 404 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 405 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 406    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 407    next call.  */
 408 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 409
 410 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 411 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 412
 413 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 414
 415 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
 416 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 417
 418 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 419    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 420    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 421    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 422 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 423 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 424
 425 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 426 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 427
 428 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 429    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 430    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 431    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 432 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 433                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 434
 435 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 436    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 437 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
 438
 439
 440 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 441 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 442    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 443    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 444
 445 struct random_data
 446   {
 447     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 448     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 449     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 450     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 451     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 452     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 453     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 454   };
 455
 456 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 457                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 458
 459 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 460
 461 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 462                         size_t __statelen,
 463                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 464
 465 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 466                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 467 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 468 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
 469
 470
 471 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 472 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 473 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 474 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 475 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 476 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 477
 478 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 479 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 480 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 481 #endif
 482
 483
 484 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 485 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 486
 487 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 488 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 489 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 490
 491 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 492 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 493 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 494
 495 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 496 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 497 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 498
 499 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 500 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 501 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 502 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 503
 504 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 505 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 506    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 507    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 508 struct drand48_data
 509   {
 510     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 511     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 512     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 513     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 514     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 515   };
 516
 517 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 518 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 519                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 520 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 521                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 522                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 523
 524 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 525 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 526                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 527 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 528                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 529                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 530
 531 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 532 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 533                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 534 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 535                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 536                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 537
 538 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 539 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 540      __THROW;
 541
 542 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 543                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 544
 545 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 546                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 547 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 548 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 549
 550 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 551
 552 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 553 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 554 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 555 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 556 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 557 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 558 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 559      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 560 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 561 #endif
 562
 563 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 564 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 565 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 566    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 567 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 568 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 569 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 570 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 571
 572 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 573 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 574 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 575 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 576
 577 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 578 # include <alloca.h>
 579 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 580
 581 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 582 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 583 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 584 #endif
 585
 586 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 587 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 588 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 589      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 590 #endif
 591
 592 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 593 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 594 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 595
 596
 597 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 598 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 599 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 600
 601 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 602 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 603    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 604 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 605      __THROW;
 606 #endif
 607
 608 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 609 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 610    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 611    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 612 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 613 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 614
 615 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 616 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 617 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 618    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 619 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 620 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 621 #endif
 622
 623
 624 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 625 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 626 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 627 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 628
 629 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 630    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 631 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 632
 633 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 634 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 635 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 636    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 637 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 638 #endif
 639
 640 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 641 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 642    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 643 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 644      __THROW;
 645
 646 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 647 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 648 #endif
 649
 650 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 651 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 652    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 653    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 654 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 655 #endif
 656
 657
 658 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 659 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 660    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 661    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 662    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 663 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 664
 665 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 666    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 667    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 668    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 669    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 670
 671    This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
 672    marked with __THROW.  */
 673 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 674 extern int mkstemp (char *__template);
 675 # else
 676 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 677 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64);
 678 #  else
 679 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 680 #  endif
 681 # endif
 682 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 683 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template);
 684 # endif
 685 #endif
 686
 687 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 688 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 689    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 690    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 691    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 692    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 693 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 694 #endif
 695
 696
 697 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 698 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 699
 700    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 701    __THROW.  */
 702 extern int system (__const char *__command);
 703 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 704
 705
 706 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 707 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 708    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 709    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 710 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 711 #endif
 712
 713 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 714 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 715    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 716    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 717    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 718    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 719    name in RESOLVED.  */
 720 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 721                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 722 #endif
 723
 724
 725 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 726 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 727 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 728 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 729
 730 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 731 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 732 # endif
 733 #endif
 734
 735 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 736 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 737    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 738 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 739                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 740
 741 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 742    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 743 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 744                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 745
 746
 747 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 748 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 749 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 750 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 751
 752 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 753 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 754      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 755 #endif
 756
 757
 758 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 759 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 760    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 761 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 762 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 763      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 764 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 765      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 766 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 767
 768 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 769 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 770 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 771                                     long long int __denom)
 772      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 773 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 774 #endif
 775
 776
 777 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 778 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 779    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 780
 781 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 782    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 783    with the sign of the number.  */
 784 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 785                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 786
 787 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 788    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 789    the number.  */
 790 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 791                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 792
 793 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 794    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 795    be written to BUF.  */
 796 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 797
 798
 799 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 800 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 801 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 802                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 803 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 804                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 805 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 806
 807
 808 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 809    buffers.  */
 810 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 811                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 812                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 813 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 814                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 815                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 816
 817 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 818                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 819                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 820 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 821                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 822                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 823 # endif /* misc */
 824 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 825
 826
 827 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 828 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 829    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 830 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 831 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 832    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 833 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 834                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 835 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 836    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 837 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 838
 839
 840 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 841 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 842                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 843 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 844 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 845                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 846      __THROW;
 847 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 848
 849
 850 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 851 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 852    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 853    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 854    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 855 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 856 #endif
 857
 858
 859 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 860 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 861    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 862    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 863    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 864    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 865    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 866 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 867                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 868                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 869 #endif
 870
 871
 872 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 873 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 874 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 875 #endif
 876
 877
 878 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 879
 880 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 881 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 882 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag);
 883 #endif
 884
 885 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 886 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 887    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 888
 889 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 890 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 891
 892 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 893    Call after grantpt().  */
 894 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 895
 896 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 897    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 898    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 899 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 900 #endif
 901
 902 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 903 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 904    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 905    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 906 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 907
 908 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 909 extern int getpt (void);
 910 #endif
 911
 912 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 913 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 914    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 915    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 916 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 917 #endif
 918
 919 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 920 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 921
 922 __END_DECLS
 923
 924 #endif /* stdlib.h  */