stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
   6    published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   7    License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Library General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
  16    write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  17    Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C Standard: 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES  <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  41 typedef struct
  42   {
  43     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  44     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  45   } div_t;
  46
  47 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
  48 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
  49 typedef struct
  50   {
  51     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
  52     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
  53   } ldiv_t;
  54 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
  55 #endif
  56
  57 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
  58 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
  59 __extension__ typedef struct
  60   {
  61     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
  62     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
  63   } lldiv_t;
  64 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
  65 #endif
  66
  67
  68 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
  69 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
  70
  71
  72 /* We define these the same for all machines.
  73    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
  74 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
  75 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
  76
  77
  78 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
  79 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
  80 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
  81
  82
  83 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
  84 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
  85 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
  86 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
  87 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
  88 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
  89
  90 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
  91 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
  92 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
  93 #endif
  94
  95 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
  96 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
  97                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
  98
  99 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 100 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 101 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 102                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 103
 104 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 105                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 106 #endif
 107
 108 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 109 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 110                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 111 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 112 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 113                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 114      __THROW;
 115
 116 #if defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_BSD
 117 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 118 __extension__
 119 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 120                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 121 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 122 __extension__
 123 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 124                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 125      __THROW;
 126 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 127
 128 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
 129 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
 130
 131 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 132 __extension__
 133 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 134                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 135 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 136 __extension__
 137 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 138                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 139      __THROW;
 140 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 141
 142
 143 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 144 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 145    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 146    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 147    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 148    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 149    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 150    argument.
 151
 152    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 153    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 154
 155 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 156    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 157 # include <xlocale.h>
 158
 159 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 160    use as an additional parameter.  */
 161 extern long int __strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 162                             char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 163                             __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 164
 165 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 166                                       char **__restrict __endptr,
 167                                       int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 168
 169 __extension__
 170 extern long long int __strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 171                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 172                                   __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 173
 174 __extension__
 175 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 176                                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 177                                             int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 178      __THROW;
 179
 180 extern double __strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 181                           char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 182      __THROW;
 183
 184 extern float __strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 185                          char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 186
 187 extern long double __strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                                 char **__restrict __endptr,
 189                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 190 #endif /* GNU */
 191
 192
 193 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 194    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 195
 196 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 197                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 198      __THROW;
 199 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 200                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 201      __THROW;
 202 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 203                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 204                                        int __group) __THROW;
 205 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 206 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 207                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 208                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 209 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 210 #endif
 211 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 212 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 213                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 214                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 215 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 216 #endif
 217 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 218 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 219 __extension__
 220 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 221                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 222                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 223 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 224 # endif
 225 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 226 __extension__
 227 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 228                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 229                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 230                                                    int __base, int __group)
 231      __THROW;
 232 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 233 # endif
 234 #endif /* GCC */
 235
 236 #if defined __OPTIMIZE__ && !defined __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__ \
 237     && defined __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 238 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 239
 240 extern __inline double
 241 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 242 {
 243   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 244 }
 245 extern __inline long int
 246 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 247         int __base) __THROW
 248 {
 249   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 250 }
 251 extern __inline unsigned long int
 252 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 253          int __base) __THROW
 254 {
 255   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 256 }
 257
 258 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 259 extern __inline float
 260 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 261 {
 262   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 263 }
 264 extern __inline long double
 265 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 266 {
 267   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 268 }
 269 # endif
 270
 271 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 272 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 273 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 274         int __base) __THROW
 275 {
 276   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 277 }
 278 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 279 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 280          int __base) __THROW
 281 {
 282   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 283 }
 284 # endif
 285
 286 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 287 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 288 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 289          int __base) __THROW
 290 {
 291   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 292 }
 293 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 294 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 295           int __base) __THROW
 296 {
 297   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 298 }
 299 # endif
 300
 301 extern __inline double
 302 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 303 {
 304   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 305 }
 306 extern __inline int
 307 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 308 {
 309   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 310 }
 311 extern __inline long int
 312 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 313 {
 314   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 315 }
 316
 317 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 318 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 319 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 320 {
 321   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 322 }
 323 # endif
 324 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 325
 326
 327 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 328 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 329    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 330    next call.  */
 331 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 332
 333 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 334 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW;
 335
 336
 337 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 338
 339 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 340    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 341    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 342    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 343 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 344 extern int32_t random (void) __THROW;
 345
 346 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 347 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 348
 349 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 350    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 351    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 352    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 353 extern void *initstate (unsigned int __seed, void *__statebuf,
 354                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 355
 356 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 357    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 358 extern void *setstate (void *__statebuf) __THROW;
 359
 360
 361 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 362 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 363    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 364    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 365
 366 struct random_data
 367   {
 368     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 369     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 370     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 371     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 372     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 373     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 374     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 375   };
 376
 377 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 378                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 379
 380 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 381
 382 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, void *__restrict __statebuf,
 383                         size_t __statelen,
 384                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 385
 386 extern int setstate_r (void *__restrict __statebuf,
 387                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 388 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 389 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 390
 391
 392 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 393 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 394 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 395 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 396
 397 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 398 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 399 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 400 #endif
 401
 402
 403 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 404 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 405
 406 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 407 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 408 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 409
 410 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 411 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 412 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 413
 414 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 415 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 416 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 417
 418 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 419 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 420 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 421 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 422
 423 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  */
 424 struct drand48_data
 425   {
 426     unsigned short int x[3];    /* Current state.  */
 427     unsigned short int a[3];    /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 428     unsigned short int c;       /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 429     unsigned short int old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 430     int init;                   /* Flag for initializing.  */
 431   };
 432
 433 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 434 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 435 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 436                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 437 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 438                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 439                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 440
 441 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 442 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 443                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 444 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 445                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 446                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 447
 448 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 449 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 450                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 451 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 452                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 453                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 454
 455 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 456 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 457      __THROW;
 458
 459 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 460                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 461
 462 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 463                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 464 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 465 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 466
 467 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 468
 469 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 470 #define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 471 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 472 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW;
 473 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 474 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size) __THROW;
 475 #endif
 476
 477 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 478 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 479    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 480 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW;
 481 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 482 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 483
 484 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 485 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 486 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 487 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 488
 489 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 490 # include <alloca.h>
 491 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 492
 493 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 494 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 495 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW;
 496 #endif
 497
 498
 499 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 500 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 501
 502
 503 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 504 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 505
 506 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 507 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 508    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 509 extern int __on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 510      __THROW;
 511 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 512      __THROW;
 513 #endif
 514
 515 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 516    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 517    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 518 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 519
 520 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 521 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 522    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 523 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 524 #endif
 525
 526
 527 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 528 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 529
 530 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 531    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 532 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 533
 534 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 535 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 536 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 537    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 538 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 539 #endif
 540
 541 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 542 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 543    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 544 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 545      __THROW;
 546
 547 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 548 extern void unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 549 #endif
 550
 551 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 552 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 553    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 554    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 555 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 556 #endif
 557
 558
 559 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 560 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 561    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 562    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 563    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 564 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 565
 566 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 567    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 568    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 569    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 570    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.  */
 571 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 572 #endif
 573
 574 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 575 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 576    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 577    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 578    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 579    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 580 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 581 #endif
 582
 583
 584 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 585 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
 586
 587
 588 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 589 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 590    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 591    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 592 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 593 #endif
 594
 595 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 596 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 597    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 598    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 599    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 600    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 601    name in RESOLVED.  */
 602 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 603                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 604 #endif
 605
 606
 607 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 608 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 609 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 610 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 611
 612 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 613 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 614 # endif
 615 #endif
 616
 617 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 618    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 619 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 620                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 621
 622 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 623    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 624 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 625                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 626
 627
 628 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 629 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 630 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 631 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 632 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 633      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 634 #endif
 635
 636
 637 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 638    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 639 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 640 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 641      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 642 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 643      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 644 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 645 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 646                                     long long int __denom)
 647      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 648 #endif
 649
 650
 651 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 652 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 653    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 654
 655 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 656    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 657    with the sign of the number.  */
 658 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 659                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 660
 661 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 662    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 663    the number.  */
 664 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 665                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 666
 667 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 668    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 669    be written to BUF.  */
 670 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 671
 672 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 673 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 674                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 675 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 676                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 677 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 678
 679
 680 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 681 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 682    buffers.  */
 683 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 684                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 685                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 686 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 687                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 688                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 689
 690 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 691                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 692                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 693 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 694                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 695                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 696 # endif /* misc */
 697 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 698
 699
 700 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 701    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 702 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 703 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 704    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 705 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 706                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 707 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 708    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 709 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 710
 711
 712 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 713 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 714                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 715 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 716 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 717                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 718      __THROW;
 719
 720
 721 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 722 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 723    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 724    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 725    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 726 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 727 #endif
 728
 729
 730 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 731 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 732    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 733    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 734    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 735    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 736    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 737 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 738                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 739                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 740 #endif
 741
 742
 743 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 744
 745 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 746 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 747
 748 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 749
 750 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 751    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 752
 753 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 754 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 755
 756 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 757    Call after grantpt().  */
 758 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 759
 760 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 761    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 762    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 763 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 764 #endif
 765
 766 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 767 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 768    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 769    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 770 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 771
 772 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 773 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
 774 #endif
 775
 776 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 777 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 778    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 779    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 780 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 781 #endif
 782
 783 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 784 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 785
 786 __END_DECLS
 787
 788 #endif /* stdlib.h  */