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1 # @(#)antarctica 7.22
3 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
4 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
5 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
6 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
7 # </a>
8 # and
9 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
10 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
11 # </a>
12 # for information.
13 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
14 #
15 # Except for the French entries,
16 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
17 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
19 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
20 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
21 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
22 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
23 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
24 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
25 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
26 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
27 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
28 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
29 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
31 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
32 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
33 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
34 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
35 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
36 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
37 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
38 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
39 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
40 Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
41 Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
43 Rule ChileAQ 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
45 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
46 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
47 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
50 # Argentina - year-round bases
51 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
52 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
53 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
54 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
55 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
56 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
57 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
59 # Australia - territories
60 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
61 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
62 # <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
63 # Margaret Turner reports
64 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
65 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
66 #
67 # year-round bases
68 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
69 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
70 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
71 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
72 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
73 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
74 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
75 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
76 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
77 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
78 7:00 - DAVT
79 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
80 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
81 # References:
82 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
83 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
84 # </a>
85 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
86 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
87 # </a>
88 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
89 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
90 # </a>
92 # Brazil - year-round base
93 # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
95 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
96 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
97 # Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
98 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
99 # Prat, -6230-05941
100 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), King George Island, since 1984-04-09
101 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
103 # China - year-round bases
104 # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
105 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
107 # France - year-round bases
108 #
109 # From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
110 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
111 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
112 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
113 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
114 # from Tasmania.
115 #
116 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
117 #
118 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
119 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
120 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
121 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
122 #
123 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
124 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
125 #
126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
127 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
128 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
129 #
130 # year-round base in the main continent
131 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
132 #
133 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
134 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
135 #
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
138 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
139 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
140 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
141 # Reference:
142 # <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
143 # Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03)
144 # </a>
147 # Germany - year-round base
148 # Georg von Neumayer
150 # India - year-round base
151 # Dakshin Gangotri
153 # Japan - year-round bases
154 # Dome Fuji
155 # Syowa
156 #
157 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
158 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See]
159 # <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a>
160 # and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>.
161 #
162 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
163 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
164 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
165 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
166 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
167 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
168 # See:
169 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
170 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
171 # </a>
173 # S Korea - year-round base
174 # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
176 # New Zealand - claims
177 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
178 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
179 #
180 # year-round base
181 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
182 #
183 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
185 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
186 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
187 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
188 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
189 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
190 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
191 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
193 # Norway - territories
194 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
195 #
196 # claims
197 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
199 # Poland - year-round base
200 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
202 # Russia - year-round bases
203 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
204 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
205 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
206 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
207 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
209 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
210 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
211 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
212 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
213 # time as Moscow, Russia.
214 #
215 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
216 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
217 # what they had to say about time there:
218 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
219 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
220 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
221 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
222 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
223 #
224 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
225 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
226 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
227 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
228 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
229 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
230 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
231 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
232 #
233 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
234 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
236 # S Africa - year-round bases
237 # Marion Island
238 # Sanae
240 # UK
241 #
242 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
243 # South Orkney Islands
244 # scientific station from 1903
245 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
246 # South Shetland Islands
247 #
248 # year-round bases
249 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
250 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
251 # scientific station 1943/1967,
252 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
253 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
254 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
255 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
256 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
257 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
259 # Uruguay - year round base
260 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
262 # USA - year-round bases
263 #
264 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
265 #
266 # From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
267 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
268 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
269 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
270 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
271 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
272 #
273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
274 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
275 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
276 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
277 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
278 #
279 #
280 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
282 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
283 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
284 #
285 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
286 #
287 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
288 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
289 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
290 #
291 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
292 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
293 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
294 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
295 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
296 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
297 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
298 #
299 # From Susan Smith
300 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
301 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
302 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
303 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
304 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
305 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
306 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
307 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
308 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
309 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
310 #
311 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole