stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-99,2000,01,02 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  92
  93 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  94 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  95 typedef struct
  96   {
  97     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  98     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  99   } div_t;
 100
 101 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 102 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 103 typedef struct
 104   {
 105     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 106     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 107   } ldiv_t;
 108 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 109 #endif
 110 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 111
 112 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 113 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 114 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 115 __extension__ typedef struct
 116   {
 117     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 118     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 119   } lldiv_t;
 120 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 121 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 122 #endif
 123
 124
 125 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 126 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 127
 128
 129 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 130    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 131 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 132 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 133
 134
 135 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 136 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 137 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 138
 139
 140 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 141 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 142 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 143 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 144 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 145 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 146 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 147 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 148
 149 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 150 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 151 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 152 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 153      __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 154 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 155 #endif
 156
 157 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 158 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 159 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 160                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 161 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 162
 163 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 164 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 165 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 166 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 167                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 168
 169 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 170                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 171 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 172 #endif
 173
 174 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 175 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 176 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 178 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 179 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 180                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 181      __THROW;
 182 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 183
 184 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 186 __extension__
 187 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 189 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 190 __extension__
 191 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 192                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 193      __THROW;
 194 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 195
 196 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 197 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 198 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 199 __extension__
 200 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 202 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 203 __extension__
 204 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 205                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 206      __THROW;
 207 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 208 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 209
 210
 211 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 212 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 213    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 214    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 215    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 216    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 217    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 218    argument.
 219
 220    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 221    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 222
 223 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 224    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 225 # include <xlocale.h>
 226
 227 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 228    use as an additional parameter.  */
 229 extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 230                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 231                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 232
 233 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 234                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 235                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 236
 237 __extension__
 238 extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 239                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 240                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 241
 242 __extension__
 243 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 244                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 245                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 246      __THROW;
 247
 248 extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 249                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 250      __THROW;
 251
 252 extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 253                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 254
 255 extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 256                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 257                               __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 258 #endif /* GNU */
 259
 260
 261 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 262    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 263
 264 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 265                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 266      __THROW;
 267 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 268                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 269      __THROW;
 270 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 271                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 272                                        int __group) __THROW;
 273 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 274 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 275                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 276                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 277 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 278 #endif
 279 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 280 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 281                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 282                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 283 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 284 #endif
 285 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 286 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 287 __extension__
 288 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 289                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 290                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 291 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 292 # endif
 293 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 294 __extension__
 295 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 296                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 297                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 298                                                    int __base, int __group)
 299      __THROW;
 300 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 301 # endif
 302 #endif /* GCC */
 303
 304 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 305 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 306
 307 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 308 extern __inline double
 309 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 310 {
 311   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 312 }
 313 extern __inline long int
 314 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 315         int __base) __THROW
 316 {
 317   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 318 }
 319 extern __inline unsigned long int
 320 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 321          int __base) __THROW
 322 {
 323   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 324 }
 325 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 326
 327 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 328 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 329 extern __inline float
 330 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 331 {
 332   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 333 }
 334 extern __inline long double
 335 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 336 {
 337   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 338 }
 339 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 340 # endif
 341
 342 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 343 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 344 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 345         int __base) __THROW
 346 {
 347   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 348 }
 349 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 350 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 351          int __base) __THROW
 352 {
 353   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 354 }
 355 # endif
 356
 357 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 358 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 359 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 360 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 361          int __base) __THROW
 362 {
 363   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 364 }
 365 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 366 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 367           int __base) __THROW
 368 {
 369   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 370 }
 371 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 372 # endif
 373
 374 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 375 extern __inline double
 376 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 377 {
 378   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 379 }
 380 extern __inline int
 381 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 382 {
 383   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 384 }
 385 extern __inline long int
 386 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 387 {
 388   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 389 }
 390 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 391
 392 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 393 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 394 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 395 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 396 {
 397   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 398 }
 399 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 400 # endif
 401 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 402
 403
 404 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 405 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 406    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 407    next call.  */
 408 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 409
 410 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 411 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 412
 413
 414 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 415
 416 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 417    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 418    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 419    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 420 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 421 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 422
 423 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 424 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 425
 426 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 427    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 428    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 429    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 430 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 431                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 432
 433 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 434    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 435 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
 436
 437
 438 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 439 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 440    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 441    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 442
 443 struct random_data
 444   {
 445     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 446     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 447     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 448     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 449     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 450     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 451     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 452   };
 453
 454 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 455                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 456
 457 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 458
 459 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 460                         size_t __statelen,
 461                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 462
 463 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 464                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 465 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 466 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 467
 468
 469 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 470 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 471 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 472 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 473 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 474 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 475
 476 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 477 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 478 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 479 #endif
 480
 481
 482 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 483 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 484
 485 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 486 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 487 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 488
 489 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 490 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 491 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 492
 493 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 494 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 495 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 496
 497 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 498 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 499 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 500 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 501
 502 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 503 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 504    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 505    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 506 struct drand48_data
 507   {
 508     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 509     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 510     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 511     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 512     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 513   };
 514
 515 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 516 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 517                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 518 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 519                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 520                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 521
 522 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 523 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 524                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 525 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 526                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 527                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 528
 529 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 530 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 531                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 532 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 533                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 534                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 535
 536 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 537 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 538      __THROW;
 539
 540 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 541                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 542
 543 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 544                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 545 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 546 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 547
 548 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 549
 550 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 551 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 552 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 553 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 554 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 555 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 556 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 557      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 558 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 559 #endif
 560
 561 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 562 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 563 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 564    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 565 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 566 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 567 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 568 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 569
 570 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 571 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 572 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 573 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 574
 575 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 576 # include <alloca.h>
 577 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 578
 579 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 580 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 581 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 582 #endif
 583
 584 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 585 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 586 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 587      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 588 #endif
 589
 590 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 591 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 592 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 593
 594
 595 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 596 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 597 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 598
 599 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 600 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 601    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 602 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 603      __THROW;
 604 #endif
 605
 606 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 607 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 608    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 609    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 610 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 611 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 612
 613 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 614 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 615 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 616    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 617 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 618 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 619 #endif
 620
 621
 622 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 623 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 624 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 625 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 626
 627 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 628    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 629 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 630
 631 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 632 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 633 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 634    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 635 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 636 #endif
 637
 638 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 639 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 640    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 641 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 642      __THROW;
 643
 644 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 645 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 646 #endif
 647
 648 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 649 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 650    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 651    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 652 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 653 #endif
 654
 655
 656 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 657 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 658    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 659    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 660    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 661 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 662
 663 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 664    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 665    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 666    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 667    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.  */
 668 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 669 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 670 # else
 671 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 672 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template) __THROW, mkstemp64);
 673 #  else
 674 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 675 #  endif
 676 # endif
 677 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 678 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __THROW;
 679 # endif
 680 #endif
 681
 682 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 683 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 684    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 685    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 686    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 687    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 688 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 689 #endif
 690
 691
 692 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 693 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 694 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
 695 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 696
 697
 698 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 699 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 700    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 701    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 702 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 703 #endif
 704
 705 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 706 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 707    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 708    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 709    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 710    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 711    name in RESOLVED.  */
 712 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 713                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 714 #endif
 715
 716
 717 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 718 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 719 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 720 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 721
 722 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 723 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 724 # endif
 725 #endif
 726
 727 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 728 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 729    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 730 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 731                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 732
 733 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 734    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 735 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 736                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 737
 738
 739 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 740 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 741 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 742 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 743
 744 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 745 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 746      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 747 #endif
 748
 749
 750 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 751 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 752    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 753 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 754 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 755      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 756 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 757      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 758 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 759
 760 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 761 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 762 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 763                                     long long int __denom)
 764      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 765 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 766 #endif
 767
 768
 769 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 770 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 771    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 772
 773 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 774    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 775    with the sign of the number.  */
 776 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 777                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 778
 779 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 780    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 781    the number.  */
 782 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 783                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 784
 785 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 786    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 787    be written to BUF.  */
 788 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 789
 790
 791 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 792 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 793 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 794                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 795 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 796                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 797 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 798
 799
 800 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 801    buffers.  */
 802 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 803                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 804                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 805 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 806                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 807                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 808
 809 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 810                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 811                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 812 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 813                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 814                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 815 # endif /* misc */
 816 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 817
 818
 819 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 820 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 821    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 822 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 823 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 824    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 825 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 826                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 827 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 828    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 829 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 830
 831
 832 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 833 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 834                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 835 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 836 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 837                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 838      __THROW;
 839 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 840
 841
 842 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 843 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 844    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 845    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 846    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 847 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 848 #endif
 849
 850
 851 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 852 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 853    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 854    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 855    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 856    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 857    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 858 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 859                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 860                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 861 #endif
 862
 863
 864 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 865 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 866 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 867 #endif
 868
 869
 870 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 871
 872 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 873 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 874 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __THROW;
 875 #endif
 876
 877 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 878 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 879    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 880
 881 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 882 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 883
 884 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 885    Call after grantpt().  */
 886 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 887
 888 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 889    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 890    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 891 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 892 #endif
 893
 894 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 895 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 896    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 897    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 898 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 899
 900 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 901 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
 902 #endif
 903
 904 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 905 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 906    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 907    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 908 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 909 #endif
 910
 911 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 912 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 913
 914 __END_DECLS
 915
 916 #endif /* stdlib.h  */