stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
   6    published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   7    License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Library General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
  16    write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  17    Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  92
  93 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  94 typedef struct
  95   {
  96     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  97     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  98   } div_t;
  99
 100 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 101 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 102 typedef struct
 103   {
 104     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 105     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 106   } ldiv_t;
 107 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 108 #endif
 109
 110 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 111 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 112 __extension__ typedef struct
 113   {
 114     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 115     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 116   } lldiv_t;
 117 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 118 #endif
 119
 120
 121 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 122 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 123
 124
 125 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 126    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 127 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 128 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 129
 130
 131 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 132 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 133 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 134
 135
 136 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 137 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 138 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 139 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 140 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 141 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 142
 143 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
 144 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 145 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 146      __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 147 #endif
 148
 149 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 150 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 151                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 152
 153 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 154 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 155 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 156                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 157
 158 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 159                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 160 #endif
 161
 162 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 163 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 164                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 165 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 166 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 167                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 168      __THROW;
 169
 170 #if defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_BSD
 171 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 172 __extension__
 173 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 174                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 175 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 176 __extension__
 177 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 178                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 179      __THROW;
 180 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 181
 182 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
 183 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
 184
 185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 186 __extension__
 187 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 189 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 190 __extension__
 191 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 192                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 193      __THROW;
 194 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 195
 196
 197 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 198 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 199    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 200    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 201    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 202    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 203    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 204    argument.
 205
 206    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 207    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 208
 209 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 210    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 211 # include <xlocale.h>
 212
 213 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 214    use as an additional parameter.  */
 215 extern long int __strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 216                             char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 217                             __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 218
 219 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 220                                       char **__restrict __endptr,
 221                                       int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 222
 223 __extension__
 224 extern long long int __strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 225                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 226                                   __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 227
 228 __extension__
 229 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 230                                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 231                                             int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 232      __THROW;
 233
 234 extern double __strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 235                           char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 236      __THROW;
 237
 238 extern float __strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 239                          char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 240
 241 extern long double __strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 242                                 char **__restrict __endptr,
 243                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 244 #endif /* GNU */
 245
 246
 247 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 248    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 249
 250 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 251                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 252      __THROW;
 253 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 254                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 255      __THROW;
 256 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 257                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 258                                        int __group) __THROW;
 259 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 260 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 261                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 262                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 263 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 264 #endif
 265 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 266 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 267                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 268                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 269 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 270 #endif
 271 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 272 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 273 __extension__
 274 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 275                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 276                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 277 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 278 # endif
 279 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 280 __extension__
 281 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 282                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 283                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 284                                                    int __base, int __group)
 285      __THROW;
 286 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 287 # endif
 288 #endif /* GCC */
 289
 290 #if defined __OPTIMIZE__ && !defined __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__ \
 291     && defined __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 292 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 293
 294 extern __inline double
 295 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 296 {
 297   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 298 }
 299 extern __inline long int
 300 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 301         int __base) __THROW
 302 {
 303   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 304 }
 305 extern __inline unsigned long int
 306 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 307          int __base) __THROW
 308 {
 309   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 310 }
 311
 312 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 313 extern __inline float
 314 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 315 {
 316   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 317 }
 318 extern __inline long double
 319 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 320 {
 321   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 322 }
 323 # endif
 324
 325 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 326 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 327 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 328         int __base) __THROW
 329 {
 330   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 331 }
 332 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 333 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 334          int __base) __THROW
 335 {
 336   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 337 }
 338 # endif
 339
 340 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 341 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 342 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 343          int __base) __THROW
 344 {
 345   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 346 }
 347 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 348 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 349           int __base) __THROW
 350 {
 351   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 352 }
 353 # endif
 354
 355 extern __inline double
 356 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 357 {
 358   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 359 }
 360 extern __inline int
 361 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 362 {
 363   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 364 }
 365 extern __inline long int
 366 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 367 {
 368   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 369 }
 370
 371 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 372 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 373 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 374 {
 375   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 376 }
 377 # endif
 378 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 379
 380
 381 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 382 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 383    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 384    next call.  */
 385 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 386
 387 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 388 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 389
 390
 391 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 392
 393 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 394    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 395    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 396    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 397 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 398 extern int32_t random (void) __THROW;
 399
 400 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 401 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 402
 403 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 404    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 405    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 406    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 407 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 408                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 409
 410 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 411    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 412 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
 413
 414
 415 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 416 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 417    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 418    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 419
 420 struct random_data
 421   {
 422     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 423     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 424     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 425     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 426     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 427     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 428     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 429   };
 430
 431 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 432                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 433
 434 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 435
 436 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 437                         size_t __statelen,
 438                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 439
 440 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 441                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 442 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 443 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 444
 445
 446 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 447 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 448 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 449 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 450
 451 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 452 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 453 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 454 #endif
 455
 456
 457 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 458 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 459
 460 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 461 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 462 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 463
 464 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 465 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 466 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 467
 468 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 469 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 470 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 471
 472 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 473 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 474 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 475 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 476
 477 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 478 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 479    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 480    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 481 struct drand48_data
 482   {
 483     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 484     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 485     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 486     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 487     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 488   };
 489
 490 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 491 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 492                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 493 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 494                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 495                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 496
 497 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 498 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 499                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 500 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 501                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 502                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 503
 504 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 505 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 506                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 507 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 508                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 509                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 510
 511 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 512 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 513      __THROW;
 514
 515 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 516                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 517
 518 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 519                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 520 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 521 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 522
 523 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 524
 525 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 526 #define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 527 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 528 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 529 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 530 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 531      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 532 #endif
 533
 534 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 535 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 536    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 537 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 538 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 539 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 540
 541 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 542 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 543 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 544 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 545
 546 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 547 # include <alloca.h>
 548 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 549
 550 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 551 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 552 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 553 #endif
 554
 555 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 556 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 557 extern int posix_memalign (void **memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size)
 558      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 559 #endif
 560
 561 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 562 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 563
 564
 565 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 566 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 567
 568 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 569 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 570    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 571 extern int __on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 572      __THROW;
 573 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 574      __THROW;
 575 #endif
 576
 577 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 578    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 579    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 580 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 581
 582 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 583 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 584    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 585 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 586 #endif
 587
 588
 589 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 590 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 591
 592 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 593    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 594 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 595
 596 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 597 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 598 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 599    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 600 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 601 #endif
 602
 603 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 604 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 605    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 606 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 607      __THROW;
 608
 609 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 610 extern void unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 611 #endif
 612
 613 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 614 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 615    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 616    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 617 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 618 #endif
 619
 620
 621 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 622 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 623    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 624    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 625    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 626 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 627
 628 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 629    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 630    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 631    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 632    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.  */
 633 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 634 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 635 # else
 636 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 637 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template) __THROW, mkstemp64);
 638 #  else
 639 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 640 #  endif
 641 # endif
 642 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 643 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __THROW;
 644 # endif
 645 #endif
 646
 647 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 648 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 649    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 650    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 651    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 652    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 653 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 654 #endif
 655
 656
 657 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 658 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
 659
 660
 661 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 662 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 663    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 664    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 665 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 666 #endif
 667
 668 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 669 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 670    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 671    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 672    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 673    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 674    name in RESOLVED.  */
 675 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 676                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 677 #endif
 678
 679
 680 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 681 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 682 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 683 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 684
 685 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 686 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 687 # endif
 688 #endif
 689
 690 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 691    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 692 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 693                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 694
 695 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 696    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 697 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 698                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 699
 700
 701 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 702 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 703 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 704 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 705 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 706      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 707 #endif
 708
 709
 710 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 711    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 712 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 713 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 714      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 715 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 716      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 717 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 718 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 719                                     long long int __denom)
 720      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 721 #endif
 722
 723
 724 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 725 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 726    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 727
 728 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 729    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 730    with the sign of the number.  */
 731 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 732                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 733
 734 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 735    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 736    the number.  */
 737 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 738                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 739
 740 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 741    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 742    be written to BUF.  */
 743 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 744
 745 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 746 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 747                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 748 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 749                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 750 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 751
 752
 753 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 754 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 755    buffers.  */
 756 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 757                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 758                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 759 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 760                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 761                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 762
 763 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 764                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 765                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 766 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 767                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 768                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 769 # endif /* misc */
 770 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 771
 772
 773 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 774    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 775 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 776 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 777    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 778 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 779                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 780 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 781    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 782 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 783
 784
 785 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 786 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 787                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 788 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 789 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 790                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 791      __THROW;
 792
 793
 794 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 795 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 796    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 797    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 798    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 799 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 800 #endif
 801
 802
 803 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 804 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 805    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 806    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 807    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 808    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 809    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 810 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 811                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 812                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 813 #endif
 814
 815
 816 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 817 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 818 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 819 #endif
 820
 821
 822 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 823
 824 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 825 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 826 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __THROW;
 827 #endif
 828
 829 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 830 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 831    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 832
 833 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 834 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 835
 836 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 837    Call after grantpt().  */
 838 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 839
 840 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 841    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 842    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 843 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 844 #endif
 845
 846 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 847 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 848    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 849    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 850 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 851
 852 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 853 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
 854 #endif
 855
 856 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 857 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 858    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 859    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 860 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 861 #endif
 862
 863 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 864 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 865
 866 __END_DECLS
 867
 868 #endif /* stdlib.h  */