stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  92 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  93 # endif
  94 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  95
  96 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  97 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  98 typedef struct
  99   {
 100     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
 101     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
 102   } div_t;
 103
 104 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 105 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 106 typedef struct
 107   {
 108     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 109     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 110   } ldiv_t;
 111 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 112 #endif
 113 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 114
 115 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 116 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 117 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 118 __extension__ typedef struct
 119   {
 120     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 121     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 122   } lldiv_t;
 123 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 124 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 125 #endif
 126
 127
 128 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 129 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 130
 131
 132 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 133    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 134 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 135 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 136
 137
 138 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 139 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 140 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
 141
 142
 143 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 144 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 145 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr)
 146      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 147 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 148 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
 149      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 150 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 151 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
 152      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 153 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 154
 155 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 156 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 157 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 158 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 159      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 160 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 161 #endif
 162
 163 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 164 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 165 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 166                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 167      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 168 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 169
 170 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 171 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 172 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 173 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 174                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 175
 176 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 178      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 179 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 180 #endif
 181
 182 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 183 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 184 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 185                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 186      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 187 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 188 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 189                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 190      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 191 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 192
 193 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 194 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 195 __extension__
 196 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 197                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 198      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 199 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 200 __extension__
 201 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 202                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 203      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 204 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 205
 206 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 207 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 208 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 209 __extension__
 210 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 211                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 212      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 213 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 214 __extension__
 215 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 216                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 217      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 218 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 219 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 220
 221
 222 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 223 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 224    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 225    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 226    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 227    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 228    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 229    argument.
 230
 231    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 232    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 233
 234 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 235    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 236 # include <xlocale.h>
 237
 238 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 239    use as an additional parameter.  */
 240 extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 241                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 242                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 243
 244 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 245                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 246                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 247      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 248
 249 __extension__
 250 extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 251                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 252                                 __locale_t __loc)
 253      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 254
 255 __extension__
 256 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 257                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 258                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 259      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 260
 261 extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 262                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 263      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 264
 265 extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 266                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 267      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 268
 269 extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 270                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 271                               __locale_t __loc)
 272      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 273 #endif /* GNU */
 274
 275
 276 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 277 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 278 __extern_inline double
 279 __NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
 280 {
 281   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 282 }
 283 __extern_inline int
 284 __NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
 285 {
 286   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 287 }
 288 __extern_inline long int
 289 __NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
 290 {
 291   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 292 }
 293 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 294
 295 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 296 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 297 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 298 __NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
 299 {
 300   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 301 }
 302 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 303 # endif
 304 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 305
 306
 307 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 308 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 309    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 310    next call.  */
 311 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 312
 313 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 314 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s)
 315      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 316
 317 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 318
 319 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
 320 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 321
 322 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 323    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 324    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 325    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 326 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 327 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 328
 329 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 330 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 331
 332 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 333    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 334    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 335    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 336 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 337                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 338
 339 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 340    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 341 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 342
 343
 344 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 345 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 346    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 347    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 348
 349 struct random_data
 350   {
 351     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 352     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 353     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 354     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 355     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 356     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 357     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 358   };
 359
 360 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 361                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 362
 363 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 364      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 365
 366 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 367                         size_t __statelen,
 368                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 369      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 370
 371 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 372                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 373      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 374 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 375 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
 376
 377
 378 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 379 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 380 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 381 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 382 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 383 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 384
 385 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 386 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 387 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 388 #endif
 389
 390
 391 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 392 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 393
 394 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 395 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 396 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 397
 398 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 399 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 400 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 401      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 402
 403 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 404 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 405 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 406      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 407
 408 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 409 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 410 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 411      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 412 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 413
 414 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 415 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 416    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 417    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 418 struct drand48_data
 419   {
 420     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 421     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 422     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 423     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 424     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 425   };
 426
 427 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 428 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 429                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 430 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 431                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 432                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 433
 434 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 435 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 436                       long int *__restrict __result)
 437      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 438 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 439                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 440                       long int *__restrict __result)
 441      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 442
 443 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 444 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 445                       long int *__restrict __result)
 446      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 447 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 448                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 449                       long int *__restrict __result)
 450      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 451
 452 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 453 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 454      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 455
 456 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 457                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 458
 459 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 460                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 461      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 462 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 463 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 464
 465 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 466
 467 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 468 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 469 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 470 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 471 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 472 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 473 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 474      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 475 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 476 #endif
 477
 478 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 479 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 480 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 481    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 482 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
 483    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 484    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 485 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 486      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 487 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 488 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 489 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 490
 491 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 492 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 493 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 494 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 495
 496 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 497 # include <alloca.h>
 498 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 499
 500 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 501 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 502 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 503 #endif
 504
 505 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 506 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 507 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 508      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 509 #endif
 510
 511 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 512 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 513 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 514
 515
 516 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 517 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 518 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 519
 520 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 521 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 522    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 523 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 524      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 525 #endif
 526
 527 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 528 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 529    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 530    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 531 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 532 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 533
 534 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 535 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 536 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 537    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 538 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 539 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 540 #endif
 541
 542
 543 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 544 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 545 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 546 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 547
 548 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 549    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 550 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name)
 551      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 552
 553 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 554 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 555 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 556    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 557 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 558 #endif
 559
 560 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 561 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 562    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 563 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 564      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 565
 566 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 567 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 568 #endif
 569
 570 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 571 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 572    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 573    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 574 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 575 #endif
 576
 577
 578 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 579 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 580    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 581    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 582    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 583 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 584
 585 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 586    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 587    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 588    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 589    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 590
 591    This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
 592    marked with __THROW.  */
 593 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 594 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 595 # else
 596 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 597 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 598      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 599 #  else
 600 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 601 #  endif
 602 # endif
 603 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 604 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 605 # endif
 606 #endif
 607
 608 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 609 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 610    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 611    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 612    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 613    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 614 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 615 #endif
 616
 617 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 618 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
 619    mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
 620    used in the open call to create the file..
 621
 622    This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
 623    marked with __THROW.  */
 624 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 625 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 626 # else
 627 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 628 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
 629      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 630 #  else
 631 #   define mkostemp mkostemp64
 632 #  endif
 633 # endif
 634 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 635 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 636 # endif
 637 #endif
 638
 639
 640 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 641 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 642
 643    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 644    __THROW.  */
 645 extern int system (__const char *__command) __wur;
 646 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 647
 648
 649 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 650 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 651    existing named file.  */
 652 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name)
 653      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 654 #endif
 655
 656 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 657 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 658    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 659    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 660    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 661    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 662 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 663                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 664 #endif
 665
 666
 667 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 668 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 669 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 670 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 671
 672 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 673 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 674 # endif
 675 #endif
 676
 677 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 678 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 679    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 680 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 681                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 682      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 683
 684 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 685    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 686 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 687                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 688
 689
 690 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 691 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 692 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 693 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 694
 695 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 696 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 697      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 698 #endif
 699
 700
 701 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 702 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 703    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 704 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 705 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 706      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 707 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 708      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 709 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 710
 711 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 712 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 713 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 714                                     long long int __denom)
 715      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 716 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 717 #endif
 718
 719
 720 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 721 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 722    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 723
 724 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 725    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 726    with the sign of the number.  */
 727 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 728                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 729
 730 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 731    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 732    the number.  */
 733 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 734                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 735
 736 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 737    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 738    be written to BUF.  */
 739 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 740      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 741
 742
 743 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 744 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 745 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 746                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 747      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 748 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 749                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 750      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 751 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 752      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 753
 754
 755 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 756    buffers.  */
 757 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 758                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 759                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 760 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 761                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 762                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 763
 764 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 765                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 766                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 767      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 768 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 769                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 770                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 771      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 772 # endif /* misc */
 773 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 774
 775
 776 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 777 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 778    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 779 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 780 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 781    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 782 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 783                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 784 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 785    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 786 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;
 787
 788
 789 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 790 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 791                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 792 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 793 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 794                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 795      __THROW;
 796 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 797
 798
 799 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 800 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 801    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 802    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 803    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 804 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 805 #endif
 806
 807
 808 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 809 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 810    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 811    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 812    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 813    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 814    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 815 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 816                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 817                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 818      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 819 #endif
 820
 821
 822 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 823 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 824 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 825 #endif
 826
 827
 828 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 829
 830 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 831 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 832 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 833 #endif
 834
 835 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 836 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 837    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 838
 839 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 840 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 841
 842 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 843    Call after grantpt().  */
 844 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 845
 846 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 847    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 848    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 849 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 850 #endif
 851
 852 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 853 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 854    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 855    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 856 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 857      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 858
 859 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 860 extern int getpt (void);
 861 #endif
 862
 863 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 864 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 865    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 866    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 867 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 868      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 869 #endif
 870
 871
 872 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
 873 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && !defined __cplusplus
 874 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
 875 #endif
 876 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
 877 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
 878 #endif
 879
 880 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 881 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 882
 883 __END_DECLS
 884
 885 #endif /* stdlib.h  */