stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
   6    published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   7    License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Library General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
  16    write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  17    Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C Standard: 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES  <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  92
  93 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  94 typedef struct
  95   {
  96     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  97     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  98   } div_t;
  99
 100 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 101 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 102 typedef struct
 103   {
 104     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 105     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 106   } ldiv_t;
 107 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 108 #endif
 109
 110 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 111 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 112 __extension__ typedef struct
 113   {
 114     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 115     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 116   } lldiv_t;
 117 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 118 #endif
 119
 120
 121 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 122 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 123
 124
 125 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 126    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 127 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 128 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 129
 130
 131 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 132 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 133 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 134
 135
 136 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 137 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
 138 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 139 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
 140 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 141 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
 142
 143 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
 144 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
 145 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW;
 146 #endif
 147
 148 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 149 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 150                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 151
 152 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 153 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 154 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 155                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 156
 157 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 158                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 159 #endif
 160
 161 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 162 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 163                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 164 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 165 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 166                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 167      __THROW;
 168
 169 #if defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_BSD
 170 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 171 __extension__
 172 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 173                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 174 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 175 __extension__
 176 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 178      __THROW;
 179 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 180
 181 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
 182 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
 183
 184 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 185 __extension__
 186 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 187                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 188 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 189 __extension__
 190 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 191                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 192      __THROW;
 193 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 194
 195
 196 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 197 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 198    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 199    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 200    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 201    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 202    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 203    argument.
 204
 205    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 206    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 207
 208 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 209    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 210 # include <xlocale.h>
 211
 212 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 213    use as an additional parameter.  */
 214 extern long int __strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 215                             char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 216                             __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 217
 218 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 219                                       char **__restrict __endptr,
 220                                       int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 221
 222 __extension__
 223 extern long long int __strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 224                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 225                                   __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 226
 227 __extension__
 228 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 229                                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 230                                             int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 231      __THROW;
 232
 233 extern double __strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 234                           char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 235      __THROW;
 236
 237 extern float __strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 238                          char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 239
 240 extern long double __strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 241                                 char **__restrict __endptr,
 242                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 243 #endif /* GNU */
 244
 245
 246 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 247    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 248
 249 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 250                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 251      __THROW;
 252 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 253                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 254      __THROW;
 255 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 256                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 257                                        int __group) __THROW;
 258 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 259 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 260                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 261                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 262 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 263 #endif
 264 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 265 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 266                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 267                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 268 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 269 #endif
 270 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 271 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 272 __extension__
 273 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 274                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 275                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 276 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 277 # endif
 278 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 279 __extension__
 280 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 281                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 282                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 283                                                    int __base, int __group)
 284      __THROW;
 285 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 286 # endif
 287 #endif /* GCC */
 288
 289 #if defined __OPTIMIZE__ && !defined __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__ \
 290     && defined __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 291 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 292
 293 extern __inline double
 294 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 295 {
 296   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 297 }
 298 extern __inline long int
 299 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 300         int __base) __THROW
 301 {
 302   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 303 }
 304 extern __inline unsigned long int
 305 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 306          int __base) __THROW
 307 {
 308   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 309 }
 310
 311 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 312 extern __inline float
 313 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 314 {
 315   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 316 }
 317 extern __inline long double
 318 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 319 {
 320   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 321 }
 322 # endif
 323
 324 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 325 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 326 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 327         int __base) __THROW
 328 {
 329   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 330 }
 331 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 332 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 333          int __base) __THROW
 334 {
 335   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 336 }
 337 # endif
 338
 339 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 340 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 341 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 342          int __base) __THROW
 343 {
 344   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 345 }
 346 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 347 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 348           int __base) __THROW
 349 {
 350   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 351 }
 352 # endif
 353
 354 extern __inline double
 355 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 356 {
 357   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 358 }
 359 extern __inline int
 360 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 361 {
 362   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 363 }
 364 extern __inline long int
 365 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 366 {
 367   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 368 }
 369
 370 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 371 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 372 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 373 {
 374   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 375 }
 376 # endif
 377 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 378
 379
 380 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 381 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 382    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 383    next call.  */
 384 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 385
 386 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 387 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW;
 388
 389
 390 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 391
 392 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 393    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 394    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 395    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 396 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 397 extern int32_t random (void) __THROW;
 398
 399 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 400 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 401
 402 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 403    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 404    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 405    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 406 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 407                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 408
 409 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 410    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 411 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
 412
 413
 414 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 415 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 416    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 417    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 418
 419 struct random_data
 420   {
 421     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 422     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 423     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 424     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 425     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 426     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 427     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 428   };
 429
 430 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 431                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 432
 433 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 434
 435 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 436                         size_t __statelen,
 437                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 438
 439 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 440                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 441 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 442 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 443
 444
 445 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 446 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 447 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 448 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 449
 450 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 451 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 452 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 453 #endif
 454
 455
 456 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 457 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 458
 459 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 460 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 461 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 462
 463 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 464 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 465 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 466
 467 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 468 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 469 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 470
 471 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 472 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 473 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 474 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 475
 476 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  */
 477 struct drand48_data
 478   {
 479     unsigned short int x[3];    /* Current state.  */
 480     unsigned short int a[3];    /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 481     unsigned short int c;       /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 482     unsigned short int old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 483     int init;                   /* Flag for initializing.  */
 484   };
 485
 486 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 487 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 488 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 489                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 490 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 491                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 492                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 493
 494 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 495 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 496                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 497 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 498                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 499                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 500
 501 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 502 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 503                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 504 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 505                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 506                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 507
 508 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 509 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 510      __THROW;
 511
 512 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 513                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 514
 515 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 516                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 517 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 518 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 519
 520 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 521
 522 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 523 #define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 524 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 525 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 526 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 527 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 528      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 529 #endif
 530
 531 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 532 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 533    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 534 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 535 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 536 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 537
 538 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 539 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 540 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 541 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 542
 543 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 544 # include <alloca.h>
 545 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 546
 547 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 548 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 549 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 550 #endif
 551
 552 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 553 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 554 extern int posix_memalign (void **memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size)
 555      __THROW;
 556 #endif
 557
 558 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 559 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 560
 561
 562 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 563 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 564
 565 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 566 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 567    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 568 extern int __on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 569      __THROW;
 570 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 571      __THROW;
 572 #endif
 573
 574 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 575    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 576    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 577 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 578
 579 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 580 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 581    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 582 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 583 #endif
 584
 585
 586 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 587 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 588
 589 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 590    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 591 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 592
 593 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 594 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 595 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 596    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 597 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 598 #endif
 599
 600 #ifdef  __USE_BSD
 601 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 602    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 603 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 604      __THROW;
 605
 606 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 607 extern void unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 608 #endif
 609
 610 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 611 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 612    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 613    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 614 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 615 #endif
 616
 617
 618 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 619 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 620    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 621    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 622    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 623 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 624
 625 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 626    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 627    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 628    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 629    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.  */
 630 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 631 #endif
 632
 633 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 634 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 635    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 636    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 637    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 638    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 639 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 640 #endif
 641
 642
 643 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 644 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
 645
 646
 647 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 648 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 649    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 650    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 651 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 652 #endif
 653
 654 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 655 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 656    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 657    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 658    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 659    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 660    name in RESOLVED.  */
 661 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 662                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 663 #endif
 664
 665
 666 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 667 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 668 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 669 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 670
 671 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 672 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 673 # endif
 674 #endif
 675
 676 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 677    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 678 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 679                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 680
 681 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 682    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 683 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 684                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 685
 686
 687 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 688 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 689 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 690 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 691 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 692      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 693 #endif
 694
 695
 696 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 697    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 698 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 699 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 700      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 701 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 702      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 703 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 704 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 705                                     long long int __denom)
 706      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 707 #endif
 708
 709
 710 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 711 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 712    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 713
 714 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 715    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 716    with the sign of the number.  */
 717 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 718                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 719
 720 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 721    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 722    the number.  */
 723 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 724                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 725
 726 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 727    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 728    be written to BUF.  */
 729 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 730
 731 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 732 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 733                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 734 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 735                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 736 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 737
 738
 739 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 740 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 741    buffers.  */
 742 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 743                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 744                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 745 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 746                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 747                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 748
 749 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 750                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 751                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 752 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 753                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 754                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 755 # endif /* misc */
 756 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 757
 758
 759 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 760    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 761 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 762 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 763    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 764 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 765                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 766 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 767    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 768 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 769
 770
 771 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 772 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 773                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 774 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 775 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 776                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 777      __THROW;
 778
 779
 780 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 781 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 782    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 783    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 784    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 785 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 786 #endif
 787
 788
 789 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 790 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 791    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 792    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 793    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 794    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 795    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 796 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 797                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 798                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 799 #endif
 800
 801
 802 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 803
 804 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 805 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 806
 807 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 808
 809 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 810    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 811
 812 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 813 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 814
 815 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 816    Call after grantpt().  */
 817 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 818
 819 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 820    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 821    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 822 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 823 #endif
 824
 825 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 826 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 827    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 828    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 829 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 830
 831 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 832 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
 833 #endif
 834
 835 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 836 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 837    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 838    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 839 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 840 #endif
 841
 842 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 843 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 844
 845 __END_DECLS
 846
 847 #endif /* stdlib.h  */