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1 # @(#)asia 7.91
2 # <pre>
4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
9 #
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13 #
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 #
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
21 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 #
30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32 # Corrections are welcome!
33 # std dst
34 # LMT Local Mean Time
35 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
37 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
38 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
39 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
40 # 5:30 IST India
41 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
42 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CST China
45 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
47 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
48 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
49 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50 #
51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53 # From Guy Harris:
54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59 ###############################################################################
61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 # Afghanistan
79 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
80 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
81 4:00 - AFT 1945
82 4:30 - AFT
84 # Armenia
85 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
86 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
87 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
88 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
89 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
90 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
91 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
92 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
93 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
94 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
95 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
96 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
97 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
98 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
99 4:00 - AMT 1997
100 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
102 # Azerbaijan
103 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
104 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
105 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
106 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
107 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
108 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
110 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
111 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
112 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
113 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
114 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
115 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
116 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
117 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
119 # Bahrain
120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
121 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
122 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
123 3:00 - AST
125 # Bangladesh
126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
127 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
128 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
129 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
130 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
131 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
132 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
133 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
135 # Bhutan
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
138 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
139 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
141 # British Indian Ocean Territory
142 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
143 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
144 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
145 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
146 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
148 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
149 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
150 6:00 - IOT
152 # Brunei
153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
154 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
155 7:30 - BNT 1933
156 8:00 - BNT
158 # Burma / Myanmar
159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
161 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
162 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
163 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
164 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
166 # Cambodia
167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
168 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
169 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
170 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
171 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
172 7:00 - ICT
174 # China
176 # From Guy Harris:
177 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
179 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
180 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
181 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
182 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
183 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
184 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
185 #
186 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
187 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
188 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
189 #
190 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
191 # 1987 mid-April - ??
193 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
194 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
195 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
197 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
198 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
199 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
200 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
201 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
203 # From Shanks:
204 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
205 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
206 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
207 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
208 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
209 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
210 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
211 #
212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
213 #
214 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
215 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
216 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
217 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
218 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
219 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
220 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
221 8:00 - CST 1940
222 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
223 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
224 8:00 PRC C%sT
225 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
226 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
227 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
228 8:00 PRC C%sT
229 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
230 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
231 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
232 8:00 PRC C%sT
233 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
234 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
235 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
236 8:00 PRC C%sT
237 # Kunlun Time
238 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
239 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
240 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
241 8:00 PRC C%sT
243 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
245 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
246 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
247 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
248 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
249 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
250 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
251 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
252 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
253 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
254 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
255 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
256 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
257 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
258 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
259 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
261 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
262 8:00 HK HK%sT
265 ###############################################################################
267 # Taiwan
269 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
270 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
271 # have any other information.
273 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
274 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
275 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
276 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
277 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
278 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
279 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
280 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
281 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
282 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
283 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
284 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
286 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
287 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
289 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
290 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
291 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
292 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
293 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
294 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
295 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
296 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
297 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
298 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
299 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
300 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
301 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
302 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
303 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
304 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
305 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
306 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
307 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
308 8:00 PRC C%sT
311 ###############################################################################
313 # Cyprus
314 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
315 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
316 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
317 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
318 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
319 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
320 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
321 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
322 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
323 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
324 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
325 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
326 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
327 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
328 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
330 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
331 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
332 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
334 # Georgia
335 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
336 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
337 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
338 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
339 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
340 #
341 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
342 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
343 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
344 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
345 #
346 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
347 #
348 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
349 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
350 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
351 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
352 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
353 # of integration into Europe.
355 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
356 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
357 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
358 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
359 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
360 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
361 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
362 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
363 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
367 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
368 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
369 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
370 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
371 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
372 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
373 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
374 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
375 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
376 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
377 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
378 4:00 - GET
380 # East Timor
382 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
383 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
384 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
385 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
386 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
387 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
388 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
389 # conflicts with their way of life.
391 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
392 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
393 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
395 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
396 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
397 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
398 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
399 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
400 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
401 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
405 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
406 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
407 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
408 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
409 9:00 - TLT
411 # India
412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
414 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
415 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
416 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
417 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
418 5:30 - IST
419 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
420 # Andaman Is
421 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
422 # Nicobar Is
424 # Indonesia
425 #
426 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
427 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
428 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
429 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
430 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
431 #
432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
433 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
434 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
435 # but this must be a typo.
436 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
437 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
438 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
439 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
440 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
441 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
442 7:30 - WIT 1964
443 7:00 - WIT
444 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
445 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
446 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
447 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
448 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
449 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
450 7:30 - WIT 1964
451 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
452 7:00 - WIT
453 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
454 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
455 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
456 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
457 8:00 - CIT
458 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
459 9:00 - EIT 1944
460 9:30 - CST 1964
461 9:00 - EIT
463 # Iran
465 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
466 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
467 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
468 #
469 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
470 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
471 #
472 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
473 #
474 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
475 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
476 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
477 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
478 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
479 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
480 #
481 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
482 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
483 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
484 # Shahrivar.
485 #
486 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
487 #
488 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
489 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
490 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
491 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
492 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
493 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
494 #
495 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
496 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
497 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
498 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
499 # plan to change that law....
500 #
501 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05):
502 # Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
503 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
504 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
505 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
506 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
507 #
508 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
509 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
510 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
511 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
512 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
513 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
514 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
515 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
516 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
517 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
518 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
519 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
520 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
521 #
522 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
523 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
524 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
525 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
526 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
527 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
528 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
529 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
530 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
531 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
532 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
533 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
534 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
535 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
536 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
537 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
538 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
539 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
540 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
541 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
542 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
543 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
544 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
545 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
546 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
547 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
548 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
549 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
550 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
551 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
552 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
553 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
554 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
555 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
556 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
557 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
558 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
559 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
560 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
561 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
562 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
563 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
564 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
565 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
566 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
567 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
568 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
569 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
570 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
571 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
572 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
573 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
574 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
575 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
576 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
577 3:30 Iran IR%sT
580 # Iraq
581 #
582 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
583 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
584 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
585 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
586 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
587 #
588 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
589 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
590 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
591 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
592 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
593 #
594 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
596 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
597 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
598 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
599 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
600 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
601 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
602 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
603 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
604 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
605 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
606 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
607 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
608 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
609 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
610 3:00 - AST 1982 May
611 3:00 Iraq A%sT
614 ###############################################################################
616 # Israel
618 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
619 #
620 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
621 # different abbreviations in use:
622 #
623 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
624 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
625 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
626 #
627 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
628 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
629 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
630 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
631 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
632 # settings in Israeli computers.
633 #
634 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
635 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
636 # family is from India).
638 # From Shanks:
639 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
640 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
641 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
642 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
643 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
644 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
645 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
646 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
647 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
648 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
649 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
650 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
651 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
653 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
654 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
655 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
656 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
657 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
658 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
659 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
660 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
661 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
662 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
663 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
664 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
665 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
666 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
667 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
668 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
669 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
670 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
671 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
672 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
673 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
674 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
675 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
676 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
677 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
678 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
679 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
681 # From Ephraim Silverberg
682 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
683 # and 2005-02-17):
685 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
686 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
687 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
688 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
689 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
690 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
691 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
692 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
693 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
694 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
695 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
696 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
697 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
698 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
699 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
700 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
701 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
702 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
703 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
704 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
705 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
706 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
709 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
710 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
711 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
712 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
713 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
714 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
715 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
716 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
717 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
718 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
720 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
721 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
722 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
724 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
725 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
726 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
727 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
728 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
730 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
731 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
732 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
733 #
734 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
735 #
736 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
737 #
738 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
739 #
740 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
741 #
742 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
744 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
747 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
754 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
755 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
756 # years 2001-2004 as well.
757 #
758 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
759 #
760 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
761 #
762 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
763 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
764 #
765 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
767 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
768 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
769 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
770 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
772 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
773 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
774 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
776 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
777 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
779 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
780 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
781 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
782 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
783 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
784 #
785 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
786 #
787 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
789 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
790 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
791 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
792 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
793 # to generate the transitions in this list.
794 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
795 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
796 #
797 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
798 #
799 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
800 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
801 # springtime transitions explicitly.
803 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
804 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
805 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
806 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
807 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
808 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
809 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
810 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
811 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
812 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
813 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
814 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
815 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
817 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
818 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
819 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
820 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
821 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
822 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
823 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
824 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
825 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
826 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
827 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
828 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
830 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
831 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
832 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
833 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
834 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
835 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
836 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
837 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
838 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
839 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
840 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
841 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
842 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
843 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
844 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
845 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
846 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
848 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
849 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
850 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
851 2:00 Zion I%sT
855 ###############################################################################
857 # Japan
859 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
861 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
862 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
863 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
864 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
866 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
867 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
868 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
869 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
870 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
871 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
872 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
873 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
874 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
875 # wanted to keep it.)
877 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
878 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
879 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
881 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
883 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
884 # Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
885 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
886 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
888 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
889 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
890 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
891 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
892 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
893 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
894 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
896 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
897 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
898 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
899 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
900 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
901 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
902 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
903 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
904 # standard....
905 #
906 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
907 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
909 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
910 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
912 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
913 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
914 9:00 - JST 1896
915 9:00 - CJT 1938
916 9:00 Japan J%sT
917 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
919 # Jordan
920 #
921 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
922 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
923 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
924 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
925 # all year round.
926 #
927 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
928 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
929 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
930 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
931 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
932 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
933 #
934 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
935 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
936 #
937 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
938 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
939 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
940 #
941 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
942 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
943 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
944 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
945 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
946 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
947 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
948 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
949 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
950 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
951 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
952 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
953 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
954 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
955 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
956 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
957 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
958 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
959 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
960 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
961 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
962 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
963 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
964 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
965 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
966 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
967 Rule Jordan 2005 max - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
969 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
970 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
973 # Kazakhstan
975 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
976 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
977 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
978 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
979 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
980 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
982 # From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18):
983 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
984 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
985 # Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules.
986 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks:
987 #
988 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
989 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
990 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
992 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
993 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
994 # </a>
995 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
996 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
997 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
998 #
999 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1000 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1001 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1002 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1003 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1004 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1005 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1006 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1007 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1009 #
1010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1011 #
1012 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1013 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1014 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1015 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1016 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1017 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1018 6:00 - ALMT
1019 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1020 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1021 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1022 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1023 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1024 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1025 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1026 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1027 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1028 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1029 6:00 - QYZT
1030 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1031 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1032 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1033 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1034 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1035 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1036 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1037 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1038 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1039 5:00 - AQTT
1040 # Mangghystau
1041 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1042 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1043 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1044 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1045 5:00 - FORT 1963
1046 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1047 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1048 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1049 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1050 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1051 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1052 5:00 - AQTT
1053 # West Kazakhstan
1054 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1055 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1056 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1057 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1058 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1059 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1060 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1061 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1062 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1063 5:00 - ORAT
1065 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1066 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
1068 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1069 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1070 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1071 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1072 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1073 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1074 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1075 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1077 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1078 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1079 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1080 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1081 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1082 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1083 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1084 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1085 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1086 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1087 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1088 6:00 - KGT
1090 ###############################################################################
1092 # Korea (North and South)
1094 # From Guy Harris:
1095 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
1096 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
1097 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
1099 # From Shanks:
1100 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1101 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1102 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1103 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
1104 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
1106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1108 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1109 9:00 - KST 1928
1110 8:30 - KST 1932
1111 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1112 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1113 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1114 9:00 ROK K%sT
1115 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1116 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1117 9:00 - KST 1928
1118 8:30 - KST 1932
1119 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1120 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1121 9:00 - KST
1123 ###############################################################################
1125 # Kuwait
1126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1127 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1128 3:00 - AST
1130 # Laos
1131 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1132 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1133 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1134 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1135 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1136 7:00 - ICT
1138 # Lebanon
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1141 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1142 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1143 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1144 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1145 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1146 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1147 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1148 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1149 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1150 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1151 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1152 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1153 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1154 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1155 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1156 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1157 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1158 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1159 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1160 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1161 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1162 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1163 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1165 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1166 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1168 # Malaysia
1169 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1170 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1171 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1172 #
1173 # peninsular Malaysia
1174 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1175 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1177 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1178 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1179 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1180 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1181 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1182 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1183 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1184 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1185 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1186 # Sabah & Sarawak
1187 # From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01):
1188 # The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1189 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1190 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1191 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1192 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1193 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1194 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1195 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1196 8:00 - MYT
1198 # Maldives
1199 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1200 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1201 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1202 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1204 # Mongolia
1206 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
1207 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
1208 # both say that it has just one.
1210 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1211 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1212 # General Information Mongolia
1213 # </a> (1999-09)
1214 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1215 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1216 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1217 # eight hours."
1219 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1220 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1221 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1222 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1223 # of implementation may have been different....
1224 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1225 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1226 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1228 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1229 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1230 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1231 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1232 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1233 # is good enough for our purposes.
1235 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1236 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1237 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1238 # there are three time zones.
1239 #
1240 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1241 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1242 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1243 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1244 #
1245 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1247 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1248 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1249 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1250 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1251 #
1252 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1253 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1254 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1256 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1257 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1258 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1259 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1260 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1261 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1262 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1263 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1264 # He also found
1265 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1266 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1267 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1268 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1269 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1270 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1271 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1272 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1275 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1276 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1277 # IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
1278 # them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
1279 # Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998.
1280 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1281 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1282 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1283 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1284 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1285 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1288 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1289 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1290 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1291 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1292 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1293 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1294 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1295 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1296 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1297 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1298 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1299 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1300 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1301 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1303 # Nepal
1304 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1305 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1306 5:30 - IST 1986
1307 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1309 # Oman
1310 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1311 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1312 4:00 - GST
1314 # Pakistan
1316 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1317 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1318 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1319 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1320 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1321 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1323 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1324 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1325 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1326 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1327 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1328 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1329 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1330 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1331 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1332 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1333 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1335 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1336 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1337 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1340 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1341 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1342 #
1343 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1344 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1345 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1346 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1347 #
1348 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1349 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1353 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1354 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1356 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1357 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1358 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1359 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1360 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1361 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1363 # Palestine
1365 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1366 #
1367 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1368 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1369 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1370 #
1371 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1372 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1373 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1374 # though.
1375 #
1376 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1377 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1378 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1379 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1380 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1381 # East Jerusalem.
1382 #
1383 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1384 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1385 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1386 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1387 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1388 #
1389 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1390 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1391 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1392 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1393 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1394 # Jordanian one).
1395 #
1396 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1397 #
1398 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1399 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1400 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1401 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1402 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1403 #
1404 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1405 # have one).
1407 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1408 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1409 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1410 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1411 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1412 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1413 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1414 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1415 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1416 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1417 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1419 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1420 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1421 #
1422 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1423 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1424 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1425 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1427 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1428 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1429 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1430 # Holiday havoc
1431 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1432 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1433 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1434 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1435 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1437 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1438 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1440 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1441 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1442 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1443 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1444 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1446 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1447 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1448 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1449 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1450 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1451 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1452 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1453 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1455 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1456 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1457 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1458 Rule Palestine 2005 max - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1461 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1462 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1463 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1464 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
1465 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1466 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1468 # Paracel Is
1469 # no information
1471 # Philippines
1472 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1473 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1474 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1475 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1476 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1477 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1478 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1479 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1480 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1481 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1482 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1483 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1485 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1486 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1487 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1488 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1489 8:00 Phil PH%sT
1491 # Qatar
1492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1493 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1494 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
1495 3:00 - AST
1497 # Saudi Arabia
1498 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1499 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1500 3:00 - AST
1502 # Singapore
1503 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1504 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1506 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1507 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1508 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1509 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1510 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1511 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1512 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1513 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1514 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1515 8:00 - SGT
1517 # Spratly Is
1518 # no information
1520 # Sri Lanka
1521 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1522 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1523 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1524 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1525 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1526 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1527 #
1528 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1529 # by Shamindra in
1530 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1531 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1532 # </a>:
1533 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1534 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1537 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1538 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1539 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1540 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1541 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1542 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1543 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1544 6:00 - LKT
1546 # Syria
1547 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1548 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1549 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1550 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1551 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1552 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1553 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1554 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1555 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1556 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1557 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1558 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1559 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1560 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1561 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1562 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1563 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1564 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1565 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1566 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1567 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1568 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1569 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1570 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1571 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1572 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1573 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1574 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1575 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1576 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1577 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1578 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1579 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1580 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1581 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1582 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1583 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1585 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1586 2:00 Syria EE%sT
1588 # Tajikistan
1589 # From Shanks.
1590 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1591 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1592 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1593 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1594 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1595 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1597 # Thailand
1598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1599 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1600 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1601 7:00 - ICT
1603 # Turkmenistan
1604 # From Shanks.
1605 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1606 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1607 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1608 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1609 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1610 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1611 5:00 - TMT
1613 # United Arab Emirates
1614 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1615 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1616 4:00 - GST
1618 # Uzbekistan
1619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1620 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1621 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1622 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1623 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1624 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1625 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1626 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1627 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1628 5:00 - UZT
1629 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1630 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1631 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1632 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1633 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1634 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1635 5:00 - UZT
1637 # Vietnam
1638 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1639 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1640 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1641 # From Shanks:
1642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1643 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1644 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1645 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1646 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1647 7:00 - ICT
1649 # Yemen
1650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1651 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
1652 3:00 - AST