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1 # @(#)antarctica 8.1
2 # <pre>
4 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
5 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
6 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
7 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
8 # </a>
9 # and
10 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
11 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
12 # </a>
13 # for information.
14 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
15 #
16 # Except for the French entries,
17 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
18 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
20 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
21 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
22 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
23 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
24 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
25 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
26 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
27 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
28 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
29 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
30 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
32 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
35 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
36 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
37 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
38 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
39 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
40 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
41 Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
42 Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
43 Rule ChileAQ 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
44 Rule ChileAQ 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
45 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
46 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
47 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
48 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
51 # Argentina - year-round bases
52 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
53 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
54 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
55 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
56 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
57 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
58 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
60 # Australia - territories
61 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
62 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
63 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
64 # Margaret Turner reports
65 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
66 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
67 #
68 # year-round bases
69 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
70 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
71 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
72 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
73 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
74 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
75 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
76 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
77 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
78 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
79 7:00 - DAVT
80 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
81 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
82 # References:
83 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
84 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
85 # </a>
86 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
87 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
88 # </a>
89 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
90 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
91 # </a>
93 # Brazil - year-round base
94 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
96 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
97 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
98 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
99 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
100 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
101 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
102 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
104 # China - year-round bases
105 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
106 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
108 # France - year-round bases
109 #
110 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
111 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
112 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
113 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
114 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
115 # from Tasmania.
116 #
117 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
118 #
119 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
120 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
121 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
122 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
123 #
124 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
125 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
126 #
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
129 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
130 #
131 # year-round base in the main continent
132 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
133 #
134 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
135 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
136 #
137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
139 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
140 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
141 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
142 # Reference:
143 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
144 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
145 # </a>
147 # Germany - year-round base
148 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
150 # India - year-round base
151 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
153 # Japan - year-round bases
154 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
155 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
156 #
157 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
158 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
159 #
160 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
161 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
162 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
165 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
166 # See:
167 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
168 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
169 # </a>
171 # S Korea - year-round base
172 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
174 # New Zealand - claims
175 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
176 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
177 #
178 # year-round base
179 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
180 #
181 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
184 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
185 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
186 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
187 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
188 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
189 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
191 # Norway - territories
192 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
193 #
194 # claims
195 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
197 # Poland - year-round base
198 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
200 # Russia - year-round bases
201 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
202 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
203 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
204 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
205 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
206 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
208 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
209 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
210 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
211 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
212 # time as Moscow, Russia.
213 #
214 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
215 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
216 # what they had to say about time there:
217 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
218 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
219 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
220 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
221 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
222 #
223 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
224 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
225 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
226 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
227 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
228 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
229 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
230 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
231 #
232 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
233 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
235 # S Africa - year-round bases
236 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
237 # Sanae, -7141-00250
239 # UK
240 #
241 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
242 # South Orkney Islands
243 # scientific station from 1903
244 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
245 # South Shetland Islands
246 #
247 # year-round bases
248 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
249 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
250 # scientific station 1943/1967,
251 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
252 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
253 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
254 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
255 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
256 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
257 #
258 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
259 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
260 #
261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
262 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
263 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
265 # Uruguay - year round base
266 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
268 # USA - year-round bases
269 #
270 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
271 #
272 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
273 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
274 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
275 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
276 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
277 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
278 #
279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
280 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
281 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
282 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
283 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
284 #
285 #
286 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
289 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
290 #
291 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
292 #
293 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
294 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
295 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
296 #
297 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
298 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
299 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
300 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
301 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
302 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
303 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
304 #
305 # From Susan Smith
306 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
307 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
308 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
309 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
310 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
311 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
312 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
313 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
314 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
315 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
316 #
317 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole