stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
  16    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  23
  24 #define __GLIBC_INTERNAL_STARTING_HEADER_IMPLEMENTATION
  25 #include <bits/libc-header-start.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define __need_size_t
  29 #define __need_wchar_t
  30 #define __need_NULL
  31 #include <stddef.h>
  32
  33 __BEGIN_DECLS
  34
  35 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  36
  37 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  38 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  39 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  40 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  41
  42 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  43 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS (status)
  44 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG (status)
  45 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG (status)
  46 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED (status)
  47 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED (status)
  48 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED (status)
  49 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  50 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED (status)
  51 # endif
  52 #endif  /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  53
  54 /* _FloatN API tests for enablement.  */
  55 #include <bits/floatn.h>
  56
  57 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  58 typedef struct
  59   {
  60     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  61     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  62   } div_t;
  63
  64 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
  65 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
  66 typedef struct
  67   {
  68     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
  69     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
  70   } ldiv_t;
  71 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
  72 #endif
  73
  74 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
  75 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
  76 __extension__ typedef struct
  77   {
  78     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
  79     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
  80   } lldiv_t;
  81 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
  82 #endif
  83
  84
  85 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
  86 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
  87
  88
  89 /* We define these the same for all machines.
  90    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
  91 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
  92 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
  93
  94
  95 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
  96 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
  97 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
  98
  99
 100 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 101 extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
 102      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 103 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 104 extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
 105      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 106 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 107 extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
 108      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 109
 110 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 111 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 112 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
 113      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 114 #endif
 115
 116 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 117 extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 118                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 119      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 120
 121 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 122 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 123 extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 124                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 125
 126 extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 127                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 128      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 129 #endif
 130
 131 /* Likewise for '_FloatN' and '_FloatNx'.  */
 132
 133 #if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 134 extern _Float16 strtof16 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 135                           char **__restrict __endptr)
 136      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 137 #endif
 138
 139 #if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 140 extern _Float32 strtof32 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 141                           char **__restrict __endptr)
 142      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 143 #endif
 144
 145 #if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 146 extern _Float64 strtof64 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 147                           char **__restrict __endptr)
 148      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 149 #endif
 150
 151 #if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 152 extern _Float128 strtof128 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 153                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 154      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 155 #endif
 156
 157 #if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 158 extern _Float32x strtof32x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 159                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 160      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 161 #endif
 162
 163 #if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 164 extern _Float64x strtof64x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 165                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 166      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 167 #endif
 168
 169 #if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 170 extern _Float128x strtof128x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 171                               char **__restrict __endptr)
 172      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 173 #endif
 174
 175 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 176 extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 178      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 179 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 180 extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 181                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 182      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 183
 184 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 186 __extension__
 187 extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 189      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 190 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 191 __extension__
 192 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 193                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 194      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 195 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 196
 197 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 198 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 199 __extension__
 200 extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 202      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 203 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 204 __extension__
 205 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 206                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 207      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 208 #endif /* ISO C99 or use MISC.  */
 209
 210 /* Convert a floating-point number to a string.  */
 211 #if __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_BFP_EXT)
 212 extern int strfromd (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 213                      double __f)
 214      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 215
 216 extern int strfromf (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 217                      float __f)
 218      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 219
 220 extern int strfroml (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 221                      long double __f)
 222      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 223 #endif
 224
 225 #if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 226 extern int strfromf16 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 227                        _Float16 __f)
 228      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 229 #endif
 230
 231 #if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 232 extern int strfromf32 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 233                        _Float32 __f)
 234      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 235 #endif
 236
 237 #if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 238 extern int strfromf64 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 239                        _Float64 __f)
 240      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 241 #endif
 242
 243 #if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 244 extern int strfromf128 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 245                         _Float128 __f)
 246      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 247 #endif
 248
 249 #if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 250 extern int strfromf32x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 251                         _Float32x __f)
 252      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 253 #endif
 254
 255 #if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 256 extern int strfromf64x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 257                         _Float64x __f)
 258      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 259 #endif
 260
 261 #if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
 262 extern int strfromf128x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
 263                          _Float128x __f)
 264      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 265 #endif
 266
 267
 268 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 269 /* Parallel versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 270    use as an additional parameter.  These are GNU extensions inspired
 271    by the POSIX.1-2008 extended locale API.  */
 272 # include <bits/types/locale_t.h>
 273
 274 extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 275                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 276                           locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 277
 278 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 279                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 280                                     int __base, locale_t __loc)
 281      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 282
 283 __extension__
 284 extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 285                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 286                                 locale_t __loc)
 287      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 288
 289 __extension__
 290 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 291                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 292                                           int __base, locale_t __loc)
 293      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 294
 295 extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 296                         char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
 297      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 298
 299 extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 300                        char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
 301      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 302
 303 extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 304                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 305                               locale_t __loc)
 306      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 307
 308 # if __HAVE_FLOAT16
 309 extern _Float16 strtof16_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 310                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 311                             locale_t __loc)
 312      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 313 # endif
 314
 315 # if __HAVE_FLOAT32
 316 extern _Float32 strtof32_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 317                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 318                             locale_t __loc)
 319      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 320 # endif
 321
 322 # if __HAVE_FLOAT64
 323 extern _Float64 strtof64_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 324                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 325                             locale_t __loc)
 326      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 327 # endif
 328
 329 # if __HAVE_FLOAT128
 330 extern _Float128 strtof128_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 331                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 332                               locale_t __loc)
 333      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 334 # endif
 335
 336 # if __HAVE_FLOAT32X
 337 extern _Float32x strtof32x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 338                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 339                               locale_t __loc)
 340      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 341 # endif
 342
 343 # if __HAVE_FLOAT64X
 344 extern _Float64x strtof64x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 345                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 346                               locale_t __loc)
 347      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 348 # endif
 349
 350 # if __HAVE_FLOAT128X
 351 extern _Float128x strtof128x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 352                                 char **__restrict __endptr,
 353                                 locale_t __loc)
 354      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 355 # endif
 356 #endif /* GNU */
 357
 358
 359 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 360 __extern_inline int
 361 __NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
 362 {
 363   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 364 }
 365 __extern_inline long int
 366 __NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
 367 {
 368   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 369 }
 370
 371 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 372 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 373 __NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
 374 {
 375   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 376 }
 377 # endif
 378 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 379
 380
 381 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 382 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 383    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 384    next call.  */
 385 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 386
 387 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 388 extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
 389      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 390
 391 #endif  /* Use misc || extended X/Open.  */
 392
 393 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 394 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 395
 396 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 397    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 398    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 399    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 400 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 401 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 402
 403 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 404 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 405
 406 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 407    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 408    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 409    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 410 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 411                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 412
 413 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 414    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 415 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 416
 417
 418 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 419 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 420    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 421    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 422
 423 struct random_data
 424   {
 425     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 426     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 427     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 428     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 429     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 430     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 431     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 432   };
 433
 434 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 435                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 436
 437 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 438      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 439
 440 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 441                         size_t __statelen,
 442                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 443      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 444
 445 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 446                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 447      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 448 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 449 #endif  /* Use extended X/Open || misc. */
 450
 451
 452 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 453 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 454 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 455 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 456
 457 #ifdef __USE_POSIX199506
 458 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 459 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 460 #endif
 461
 462
 463 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 464 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 465
 466 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 467 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 468 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 469
 470 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 471 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 472 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 473      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 474
 475 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 476 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 477 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 478      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 479
 480 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 481 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 482 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 483      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 484 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 485
 486 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 487 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 488    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 489    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 490 struct drand48_data
 491   {
 492     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 493     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 494     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 495     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 496     __extension__ unsigned long long int __a;   /* Factor in congruential
 497                                                    formula.  */
 498   };
 499
 500 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 501 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 502                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 503 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 504                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 505                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 506
 507 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 508 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 509                       long int *__restrict __result)
 510      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 511 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 512                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 513                       long int *__restrict __result)
 514      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 515
 516 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 517 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 518                       long int *__restrict __result)
 519      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 520 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 521                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 522                       long int *__restrict __result)
 523      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 524
 525 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 526 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 527      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 528
 529 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 530                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 531
 532 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 533                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 534      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 535 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 536 #endif  /* Use misc or X/Open.  */
 537
 538 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 539 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 540 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 541 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 542      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 543
 544 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 545    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 546 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
 547    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 548    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 549 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 550      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 551
 552 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 553 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block in PTR, making the new
 554    block large enough for NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each.  */
 555 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if reallocarray returns
 556    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 557    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 558 extern void *reallocarray (void *__ptr, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 559      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 560 #endif
 561
 562 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 563 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 564
 565 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 566 # include <alloca.h>
 567 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 568
 569 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
 570     || defined __USE_MISC
 571 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 572 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 573 #endif
 574
 575 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 576 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 577 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 578      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 579 #endif
 580
 581 #ifdef __USE_ISOC11
 582 /* ISO C variant of aligned allocation.  */
 583 extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 584      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2)) __wur;
 585 #endif
 586
 587 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 588 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 589
 590
 591 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 592 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 593
 594 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 595 /* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called.  */
 596 # ifdef __cplusplus
 597 extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
 598      __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
 599 # else
 600 extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 601 # endif
 602 #endif
 603
 604 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 605 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 606    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 607 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 608      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 609 #endif
 610
 611 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 612    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
 613    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 614 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 615
 616 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 617 /* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
 618    of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
 619    execution with STATUS.  */
 620 extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 621 #endif
 622
 623 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 624 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 625    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 626 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 627 #endif
 628
 629
 630 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 631 extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 632
 633 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 634 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 635    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 636 extern char *secure_getenv (const char *__name)
 637      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 638 #endif
 639
 640 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 641 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 642 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 643    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 644 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 645 #endif
 646
 647 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 648 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 649    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 650 extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
 651      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 652
 653 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 654 extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 655 #endif
 656
 657 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 658 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 659    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 660    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 661 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 662 #endif
 663
 664
 665 #if defined __USE_MISC \
 666     || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8)
 667 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 668    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 669    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 670    Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
 671    string if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 672 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 673 #endif
 674
 675 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 676 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 677    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 678    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 679    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 680    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 681
 682    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 683    marked with __THROW.  */
 684 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 685 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 686 # else
 687 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 688 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 689      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 690 #  else
 691 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 692 #  endif
 693 # endif
 694 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 695 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 696 # endif
 697 #endif
 698
 699 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 700 /* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 701    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 702    parameter.
 703
 704    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 705    marked with __THROW.  */
 706 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 707 extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 708 # else
 709 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 710 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
 711                        mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 712 #  else
 713 #   define mkstemps mkstemps64
 714 #  endif
 715 # endif
 716 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 717 extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
 718      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 719 # endif
 720 #endif
 721
 722 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
 723 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 724    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 725    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 726    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 727    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 728 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 729 #endif
 730
 731 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 732 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
 733    mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
 734    used in the open call to create the file..
 735
 736    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 737    marked with __THROW.  */
 738 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 739 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 740 # else
 741 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 742 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
 743      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 744 #  else
 745 #   define mkostemp mkostemp64
 746 #  endif
 747 # endif
 748 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 749 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 750 # endif
 751
 752 /* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 753    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 754    parameter.
 755
 756    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 757    marked with __THROW.  */
 758 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 759 extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 760      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 761 # else
 762 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 763 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
 764                                    int __flags), mkostemps64)
 765      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 766 #  else
 767 #   define mkostemps mkostemps64
 768 #  endif
 769 # endif
 770 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 771 extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 772      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 773 # endif
 774 #endif
 775
 776
 777 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 778
 779    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 780    __THROW.  */
 781 extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
 782
 783
 784 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 785 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 786    existing named file.  */
 787 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
 788      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 789 #endif
 790
 791 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 792 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 793    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 794    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 795    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 796    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 797 extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
 798                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 799 #endif
 800
 801
 802 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 803 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 804 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 805 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
 806
 807 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 808 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 809 # endif
 810 #endif
 811 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 812 typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
 813 #endif
 814
 815 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 816    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 817 extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
 818                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 819      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 820
 821 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 822 # include <bits/stdlib-bsearch.h>
 823 #endif
 824
 825 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 826    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 827 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 828                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 829 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 830 extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 831                      __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
 832   __nonnull ((1, 4));
 833 #endif
 834
 835
 836 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 837 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 838 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 839
 840 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 841 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 842      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 843 #endif
 844
 845
 846 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 847    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 848 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 849 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 850      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 851 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 852      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 853
 854 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 855 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 856                                     long long int __denom)
 857      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 858 #endif
 859
 860
 861 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) \
 862     || defined __USE_MISC
 863 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 864    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 865
 866 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 867    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 868    with the sign of the number.  */
 869 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 870                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 871
 872 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 873    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 874    the number.  */
 875 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 876                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 877
 878 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 879    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 880    be written to BUF.  */
 881 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 882      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 883 #endif
 884
 885 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 886 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 887 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 888                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 889      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 890 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 891                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 892      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 893 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 894      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 895
 896
 897 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 898    buffers.  */
 899 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 900                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 901                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 902 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 903                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 904                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 905
 906 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 907                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 908                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 909      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 910 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 911                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 912                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 913      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 914 #endif  /* misc */
 915
 916
 917 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 918    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 919 extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 920 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 921    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 922 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 923                    const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 924 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 925    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 926 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 927
 928
 929 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 930 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 931                         const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 932 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 933 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 934                         const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 935      __THROW;
 936
 937
 938 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 939 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 940    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 941    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 942    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 943 extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 944 #endif
 945
 946
 947 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 948 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 949    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 950    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 951    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 952    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 953    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 954 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 955                       char *const *__restrict __tokens,
 956                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 957      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 958 #endif
 959
 960
 961 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 962 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 963 extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 964 #endif
 965
 966
 967 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 968
 969 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
 970 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 971 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 972 #endif
 973
 974 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 975 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 976    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 977
 978 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 979 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 980
 981 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 982    Call after grantpt().  */
 983 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 984
 985 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave associated with
 986    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 987    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 988 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 989 #endif
 990
 991 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 992 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 993    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 994    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 995 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 996      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 997
 998 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 999 extern int getpt (void);
1000 #endif
1001
1002 #ifdef __USE_MISC
1003 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
1004    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
1005    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
1006 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
1007      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
1008 #endif
1009
1010 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K
1011 /* Return the index into the active-logins file (utmp) for
1012    the controlling terminal.  */
1013 extern int ttyslot (void) __THROW;
1014 #endif
1015
1016 #include <bits/stdlib-float.h>
1017
1018 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
1019 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
1020 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
1021 #endif
1022 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
1023 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
1024 #endif
1025
1026 __END_DECLS
1027
1028 #endif /* stdlib.h  */