nptl/perf.c

   1 /* Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3    Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
   4
   5    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   7    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   8    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9
  10    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  13    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  14
  15    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  16    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  17    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18    02111-1307 USA.  */
  19
  20 #define _GNU_SOURCE     1
  21 #include <argp.h>
  22 #include <error.h>
  23 #include <errno.h>
  24 #include <fcntl.h>
  25 #include <inttypes.h>
  26 #include <limits.h>
  27 #include <pthread.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <stdbool.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <unistd.h>
  34 #include <sys/param.h>
  35 #include <sys/types.h>
  36
  37 #ifndef MAX_THREADS
  38 # define MAX_THREADS            100000
  39 #endif
  40 #ifndef DEFAULT_THREADS
  41 # define DEFAULT_THREADS        50
  42 #endif
  43
  44
  45 #define OPT_TO_THREAD           300
  46 #define OPT_TO_PROCESS          301
  47 #define OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL         302
  48 #define OPT_SYNC_JOIN           303
  49 #define OPT_TOPLEVEL            304
  50
  51
  52 static const struct argp_option options[] =
  53   {
  54     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
  55 This is a test for threads so we allow ther user to selection the number of \
  56 threads which are used at any one time.  Independently the total number of \
  57 rounds can be selected.  This is the total number of threads which will have \
  58 run when the process terminates:" },
  59     { "threads", 't', "NUMBER", 0, "Number of threads used at once" },
  60     { "starts", 's', "NUMBER", 0, "Total number of working threads" },
  61     { "toplevel", OPT_TOPLEVEL, "NUMBER", 0,
  62       "Number of toplevel threads which start the other threads; this \
  63 implies --sync-join" },
  64
  65     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
  66 Each thread can do one of two things: sleep or do work.  The latter is 100% \
  67 CPU bound.  The work load is the probability a thread does work.  All values \
  68 from zero to 100 (inclusive) are valid.  How often each thread repeats this \
  69 can be determined by the number of rounds.  The work cost determines how long \
  70 each work session (not sleeping) takes.  If it is zero a thread would \
  71 effectively nothing.  By setting the number of rounds to zero the thread \
  72 does no work at all and pure thread creation times can be measured." },
  73     { "workload", 'w', "PERCENT", 0, "Percentage of time spent working" },
  74     { "workcost", 'c', "NUMBER", 0,
  75       "Factor in the cost of each round of working" },
  76     { "rounds", 'r', "NUMBER", 0, "Number of rounds each thread runs" },
  77
  78     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
  79 There are a number of different methods how thread creation can be \
  80 synchronized.  Synchronization is necessary since the number of concurrently \
  81 running threads is limited." },
  82     { "sync-signal", OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL, NULL, 0,
  83       "Synchronize using a signal (default)" },
  84     { "sync-join", OPT_SYNC_JOIN, NULL, 0, "Synchronize using pthread_join" },
  85
  86     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
  87 One parameter for each threads execution is the size of the stack.  If this \
  88 parameter is not used the system's default stack size is used.  If many \
  89 threads are used the stack size should be chosen quite small." },
  90     { "stacksize", 'S', "BYTES", 0, "Size of threads stack" },
  91     { "guardsize", 'g', "BYTES", 0,
  92       "Size of stack guard area; must fit into the stack" },
  93
  94     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "Signal options:" },
  95     { "to-thread", OPT_TO_THREAD, NULL, 0, "Send signal to main thread" },
  96     { "to-process", OPT_TO_PROCESS, NULL, 0,
  97       "Send signal to process (default)" },
  98
  99     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "Administrative options:" },
 100     { "progress", 'p', NULL, 0, "Show signs of progress" },
 101     { "timing", 'T', NULL, 0,
 102       "Measure time from startup to the last thread finishing" },
 103     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL }
 104   };
 105
 106 /* Prototype for option handler.  */
 107 static error_t parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state);
 108
 109 /* Data structure to communicate with argp functions.  */
 110 static struct argp argp =
 111 {
 112   options, parse_opt
 113 };
 114
 115
 116 static unsigned long int threads = DEFAULT_THREADS;
 117 static unsigned long int workload = 75;
 118 static unsigned long int workcost = 20;
 119 static unsigned long int rounds = 10;
 120 static long int starts = 5000;
 121 static unsigned long int stacksize;
 122 static long int guardsize = -1;
 123 static bool progress;
 124 static bool timing;
 125 static bool to_thread;
 126 static unsigned long int toplevel = 1;
 127
 128
 129 static long int running;
 130 static pthread_mutex_t running_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 131
 132 static pid_t pid;
 133 static pthread_t tmain;
 134
 135 static clockid_t cl;
 136 static struct timespec start_time;
 137
 138
 139 static pthread_mutex_t sum_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 140 unsigned int sum;
 141
 142 static enum
 143   {
 144     sync_signal,
 145     sync_join
 146   }
 147 sync_method;
 148
 149
 150 /* We use 64bit values for the times.  */
 151 typedef unsigned long long int hp_timing_t;
 152
 153
 154 /* Attributes for all created threads.  */
 155 static pthread_attr_t attr;
 156
 157
 158 static void *
 159 work (void *arg)
 160 {
 161   unsigned long int i;
 162   unsigned int state = (unsigned long int) arg;
 163
 164   for (i = 0; i < rounds; ++i)
 165     {
 166       /* Determine what to do.  */
 167       unsigned int rnum;
 168
 169       /* Uniform distribution.  */
 170       do
 171         rnum = rand_r (&state);
 172       while (rnum >= UINT_MAX - (UINT_MAX % 100));
 173
 174       rnum %= 100;
 175
 176       if (rnum < workload)
 177         {
 178           int j;
 179           int a[4] = { i, rnum, i + rnum, rnum - i };
 180
 181           if (progress)
 182             write (STDERR_FILENO, "c", 1);
 183
 184           for (j = 0; j < workcost; ++j)
 185             {
 186               a[0] += a[3] >> 12;
 187               a[1] += a[2] >> 20;
 188               a[2] += a[1] ^ 0x3423423;
 189               a[3] += a[0] - a[1];
 190             }
 191
 192           pthread_mutex_lock (&sum_mutex);
 193           sum += a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + a[3];
 194           pthread_mutex_unlock (&sum_mutex);
 195         }
 196       else
 197         {
 198           /* Just sleep.  */
 199           struct timespec tv;
 200
 201           tv.tv_sec = 0;
 202           tv.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 203
 204           if (progress)
 205             write (STDERR_FILENO, "w", 1);
 206
 207           nanosleep (&tv, NULL);
 208         }
 209     }
 210
 211   return NULL;
 212 }
 213
 214
 215 static void *
 216 thread_function (void *arg)
 217 {
 218   work (arg);
 219
 220   pthread_mutex_lock (&running_mutex);
 221   if (--running <= 0 && starts <= 0)
 222     {
 223       /* We are done.  */
 224       if (progress)
 225         write (STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
 226
 227       if (timing)
 228         {
 229           struct timespec end_time;
 230
 231           if (clock_gettime (cl, &end_time) == 0)
 232             {
 233               end_time.tv_sec -= start_time.tv_sec;
 234               end_time.tv_nsec -= start_time.tv_nsec;
 235               if (end_time.tv_nsec < 0)
 236                 {
 237                   end_time.tv_nsec += 1000000000;
 238                   --end_time.tv_sec;
 239                 }
 240
 241               printf ("\nRuntime: %lu.%09lu seconds\n",
 242                       (unsigned long int) end_time.tv_sec,
 243                       (unsigned long int) end_time.tv_nsec);
 244             }
 245         }
 246
 247       printf ("Result: %08x\n", sum);
 248
 249       exit (0);
 250     }
 251   pthread_mutex_unlock (&running_mutex);
 252
 253   if (sync_method == sync_signal)
 254     {
 255       if (to_thread)
 256         /* This code sends a signal to the main thread.  */
 257         pthread_kill (tmain, SIGUSR1);
 258       else
 259         /* Use this code to test sending a signal to the process.  */
 260         kill (pid, SIGUSR1);
 261     }
 262
 263   if (progress)
 264     write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
 265
 266   return NULL;
 267 }
 268
 269
 270 struct start_info
 271 {
 272   unsigned int starts;
 273   unsigned int threads;
 274 };
 275
 276
 277 static void *
 278 start_threads (void *arg)
 279 {
 280   struct start_info *si = arg;
 281   unsigned int starts = si->starts;
 282   pthread_t ths[si->threads];
 283   unsigned int state = starts;
 284   unsigned int n;
 285   unsigned int i = 0;
 286   int err;
 287
 288   if (progress)
 289     write (STDERR_FILENO, "T", 1);
 290
 291   memset (ths, '\0', sizeof (pthread_t) * si->threads);
 292
 293   while (starts-- > 0)
 294     {
 295       if (ths[i] != 0)
 296         {
 297           /* Wait for the threads in the order they were created.  */
 298           err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
 299           if (err != 0)
 300             error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
 301
 302           if (progress)
 303             write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
 304         }
 305
 306       err = pthread_create (&ths[i], &attr, work,
 307                             (void *) (long) (rand_r (&state) + starts + i));
 308
 309       if (err != 0)
 310         error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread");
 311
 312       if (progress)
 313         write (STDERR_FILENO, "t", 1);
 314
 315       if (++i == si->threads)
 316         i = 0;
 317     }
 318
 319   n = i;
 320   do
 321     {
 322       if (ths[i] != 0)
 323         {
 324           err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
 325           if (err != 0)
 326             error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
 327
 328           if (progress)
 329             write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
 330         }
 331
 332       if (++i == si->threads)
 333         i = 0;
 334     }
 335   while (i != n);
 336
 337   if (progress)
 338     write (STDERR_FILENO, "F", 1);
 339
 340   return NULL;
 341 }
 342
 343
 344 int
 345 main (int argc, char *argv[])
 346 {
 347   int remaining;
 348   sigset_t ss;
 349   pthread_t th;
 350   pthread_t *ths = NULL;
 351   int empty = 0;
 352   int last;
 353   bool cont = true;
 354
 355   /* Parse and process arguments.  */
 356   argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, &remaining, NULL);
 357
 358   if (sync_method == sync_join)
 359     {
 360       ths = (pthread_t *) calloc (threads, sizeof (pthread_t));
 361       if (ths == NULL)
 362         error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
 363                "cannot allocate memory for thread descriptor array");
 364
 365       last = threads;
 366     }
 367   else
 368     {
 369       ths = &th;
 370       last = 1;
 371     }
 372
 373   if (toplevel > threads)
 374     {
 375       printf ("resetting number of toplevel threads to %lu to not surpass number to concurrent threads\n",
 376               threads);
 377       toplevel = threads;
 378     }
 379
 380   if (timing)
 381     {
 382       if (clock_getcpuclockid (0, &cl) != 0
 383           || clock_gettime (cl, &start_time) != 0)
 384         timing = false;
 385     }
 386
 387   /* We need this later.  */
 388   pid = getpid ();
 389   tmain = pthread_self ();
 390
 391   /* We use signal SIGUSR1 for communication between the threads and
 392      the main thread.  We only want sychronous notification.  */
 393   if (sync_method == sync_signal)
 394     {
 395       sigemptyset (&ss);
 396       sigaddset (&ss, SIGUSR1);
 397       if (sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &ss, NULL) != 0)
 398         error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "cannot set signal mask");
 399     }
 400
 401   /* Create the thread attributes.  */
 402   pthread_attr_init (&attr);
 403
 404   /* If the user provided a stack size use it.  */
 405   if (stacksize != 0
 406       && pthread_attr_setstacksize (&attr, stacksize) != 0)
 407     puts ("could not set stack size; will use default");
 408   /* And stack guard size.  */
 409   if (guardsize != -1
 410       && pthread_attr_setguardsize (&attr, guardsize) != 0)
 411     puts ("invalid stack guard size; will use default");
 412
 413   /* All threads are created detached if we are not using pthread_join
 414      to synchronize.  */
 415   if (sync_method != sync_join)
 416     pthread_attr_setdetachstate (&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
 417
 418   if (sync_method == sync_signal)
 419     {
 420       while (1)
 421         {
 422           int err;
 423           bool do_wait = false;
 424
 425           pthread_mutex_lock (&running_mutex);
 426           if (starts-- < 0)
 427             cont = false;
 428           else
 429             do_wait = ++running >= threads && starts > 0;
 430
 431           pthread_mutex_unlock (&running_mutex);
 432
 433           if (! cont)
 434             break;
 435
 436           if (progress)
 437             write (STDERR_FILENO, "t", 1);
 438
 439           err = pthread_create (&ths[empty], &attr, thread_function,
 440                                 (void *) starts);
 441           if (err != 0)
 442             error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread %lu", starts);
 443
 444           if (++empty == last)
 445             empty = 0;
 446
 447           if (do_wait)
 448             sigwaitinfo (&ss, NULL);
 449         }
 450
 451       /* Do nothing anymore.  On of the threads will terminate the program.  */
 452       sigfillset (&ss);
 453       sigdelset (&ss, SIGINT);
 454       while (1)
 455         sigsuspend (&ss);
 456     }
 457   else
 458     {
 459       pthread_t ths[toplevel];
 460       struct start_info si[toplevel];
 461       unsigned int i;
 462
 463       for (i = 0; i < toplevel; ++i)
 464         {
 465           unsigned int child_starts = starts / (toplevel - i);
 466           unsigned int child_threads = threads / (toplevel - i);
 467           int err;
 468
 469           si[i].starts = child_starts;
 470           si[i].threads = child_threads;
 471
 472           err = pthread_create (&ths[i], &attr, start_threads, &si[i]);
 473           if (err != 0)
 474             error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread");
 475
 476           starts -= child_starts;
 477           threads -= child_threads;
 478         }
 479
 480       for (i = 0; i < toplevel; ++i)
 481         {
 482           int err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
 483
 484           if (err != 0)
 485             error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
 486         }
 487
 488       /* We are done.  */
 489       if (progress)
 490         write (STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
 491
 492       if (timing)
 493         {
 494           struct timespec end_time;
 495
 496           if (clock_gettime (cl, &end_time) == 0)
 497             {
 498               end_time.tv_sec -= start_time.tv_sec;
 499               end_time.tv_nsec -= start_time.tv_nsec;
 500               if (end_time.tv_nsec < 0)
 501                 {
 502                   end_time.tv_nsec += 1000000000;
 503                   --end_time.tv_sec;
 504                 }
 505
 506               printf ("\nRuntime: %lu.%09lu seconds\n",
 507                       (unsigned long int) end_time.tv_sec,
 508                       (unsigned long int) end_time.tv_nsec);
 509             }
 510         }
 511
 512       printf ("Result: %08x\n", sum);
 513
 514       exit (0);
 515     }
 516
 517   /* NOTREACHED */
 518   return 0;
 519 }
 520
 521
 522 /* Handle program arguments.  */
 523 static error_t
 524 parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
 525 {
 526   unsigned long int num;
 527   long int snum;
 528
 529   switch (key)
 530     {
 531     case 't':
 532       num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 533       if (num <= MAX_THREADS)
 534         threads = num;
 535       else
 536         printf ("\
 537 number of threads limited to %u; recompile with a higher limit if necessary",
 538                 MAX_THREADS);
 539       break;
 540
 541     case 'w':
 542       num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 543       if (num <= 100)
 544         workload = num;
 545       else
 546         puts ("workload must be between 0 and 100 percent");
 547       break;
 548
 549     case 'c':
 550       workcost = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 551       break;
 552
 553     case 'r':
 554       rounds = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 555       break;
 556
 557     case 's':
 558       starts = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 559       break;
 560
 561     case 'S':
 562       num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 563       if (num >= PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
 564         stacksize = num;
 565       else
 566         printf ("minimum stack size is %d\n", PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
 567       break;
 568
 569     case 'g':
 570       snum = strtol (arg, NULL, 0);
 571       if (snum < 0)
 572         printf ("invalid guard size %s\n", arg);
 573       else
 574         guardsize = snum;
 575       break;
 576
 577     case 'p':
 578       progress = true;
 579       break;
 580
 581     case 'T':
 582       timing = true;
 583       break;
 584
 585     case OPT_TO_THREAD:
 586       to_thread = true;
 587       break;
 588
 589     case OPT_TO_PROCESS:
 590       to_thread = false;
 591       break;
 592
 593     case OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL:
 594       sync_method = sync_signal;
 595       break;
 596
 597     case OPT_SYNC_JOIN:
 598       sync_method = sync_join;
 599       break;
 600
 601     case OPT_TOPLEVEL:
 602       num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
 603       if (num < MAX_THREADS)
 604         toplevel = num;
 605       else
 606         printf ("\
 607 number of threads limited to %u; recompile with a higher limit if necessary",
 608                 MAX_THREADS);
 609       sync_method = sync_join;
 610       break;
 611
 612     default:
 613       return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
 614     }
 615
 616   return 0;
 617 }
 618
 619
 620 static hp_timing_t
 621 get_clockfreq (void)
 622 {
 623   /* We read the information from the /proc filesystem.  It contains at
 624      least one line like
 625         cpu MHz         : 497.840237
 626      or also
 627         cpu MHz         : 497.841
 628      We search for this line and convert the number in an integer.  */
 629   static hp_timing_t result;
 630   int fd;
 631
 632   /* If this function was called before, we know the result.  */
 633   if (result != 0)
 634     return result;
 635
 636   fd = open ("/proc/cpuinfo", O_RDONLY);
 637   if (__builtin_expect (fd != -1, 1))
 638     {
 639       /* XXX AFAIK the /proc filesystem can generate "files" only up
 640          to a size of 4096 bytes.  */
 641       char buf[4096];
 642       ssize_t n;
 643
 644       n = read (fd, buf, sizeof buf);
 645       if (__builtin_expect (n, 1) > 0)
 646         {
 647           char *mhz = memmem (buf, n, "cpu MHz", 7);
 648
 649           if (__builtin_expect (mhz != NULL, 1))
 650             {
 651               char *endp = buf + n;
 652               int seen_decpoint = 0;
 653               int ndigits = 0;
 654
 655               /* Search for the beginning of the string.  */
 656               while (mhz < endp && (*mhz < '0' || *mhz > '9') && *mhz != '\n')
 657                 ++mhz;
 658
 659               while (mhz < endp && *mhz != '\n')
 660                 {
 661                   if (*mhz >= '0' && *mhz <= '9')
 662                     {
 663                       result *= 10;
 664                       result += *mhz - '0';
 665                       if (seen_decpoint)
 666                         ++ndigits;
 667                     }
 668                   else if (*mhz == '.')
 669                     seen_decpoint = 1;
 670
 671                   ++mhz;
 672                 }
 673
 674               /* Compensate for missing digits at the end.  */
 675               while (ndigits++ < 6)
 676                 result *= 10;
 677             }
 678         }
 679
 680       close (fd);
 681     }
 682
 683   return result;
 684 }
 685
 686
 687 int
 688 clock_getcpuclockid (pid_t pid, clockid_t *clock_id)
 689 {
 690   /* We don't allow any process ID but our own.  */
 691   if (pid != 0 && pid != getpid ())
 692     return EPERM;
 693
 694 #ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
 695   /* Store the number.  */
 696   *clock_id = CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID;
 697
 698   return 0;
 699 #else
 700   /* We don't have a timer for that.  */
 701   return ENOENT;
 702 #endif
 703 }
 704
 705
 706 #ifdef i386
 707 #define HP_TIMING_NOW(Var)      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (Var))
 708 #elif defined __ia64__
 709 #define HP_TIMING_NOW(Var)      __asm__ __volatile__ ("mov %0=ar.itc" : "=r" (Var) : : "memory")
 710 #else
 711 #error "HP_TIMING_NOW missing"
 712 #endif
 713
 714 /* Get current value of CLOCK and store it in TP.  */
 715 int
 716 clock_gettime (clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *tp)
 717 {
 718   int retval = -1;
 719
 720   switch (clock_id)
 721     {
 722     case CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID:
 723       {
 724
 725         static hp_timing_t freq;
 726         hp_timing_t tsc;
 727
 728         /* Get the current counter.  */
 729         HP_TIMING_NOW (tsc);
 730
 731         if (freq == 0)
 732           {
 733             freq = get_clockfreq ();
 734             if (freq == 0)
 735               return EINVAL;
 736           }
 737
 738         /* Compute the seconds.  */
 739         tp->tv_sec = tsc / freq;
 740
 741         /* And the nanoseconds.  This computation should be stable until
 742            we get machines with about 16GHz frequency.  */
 743         tp->tv_nsec = ((tsc % freq) * UINT64_C (1000000000)) / freq;
 744
 745         retval = 0;
 746       }
 747     break;
 748
 749     default:
 750       errno = EINVAL;
 751       break;
 752     }
 753
 754   return retval;
 755 }