1 Using the glibc microbenchmark suite
2 ====================================
4 The glibc microbenchmark suite automatically generates code for specified
5 functions, builds and calls them repeatedly for given inputs to give some
6 basic performance properties of the function.
11 The benchmark needs python 2.7 or later in addition to the
12 dependencies required to build the GNU C Library. One may run the
13 benchmark by invoking make as follows:
17 This runs each function for 10 seconds and appends its output to
18 benchtests/bench.out. To ensure that the tests are rebuilt, one could run:
22 The duration of each test can be configured setting the BENCH_DURATION variable
23 in the call to make. One should run `make bench-clean' before changing
26 $ make BENCH_DURATION=1 bench
28 The benchmark suite does function call measurements using architecture-specific
29 high precision timing instructions whenever available. When such support is
30 not available, it uses clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC). One can force the
31 benchmark to use clock_gettime by invoking make as follows:
33 $ make USE_CLOCK_GETTIME=1 bench
35 Again, one must run `make bench-clean' before changing the measurement method.
37 On x86 processors, RDTSCP instruction provides more precise timing data
38 than RDTSC instruction. All x86 processors since 2010 support RDTSCP
39 instruction. One can force the benchmark to use RDTSCP by invoking make
42 $ make USE_RDTSCP=1 bench
44 One must run `make bench-clean' before changing the measurement method.
46 Running benchmarks on another target:
47 ====================================
49 If the target where you want to run benchmarks is not capable of building the
50 code or you're cross-building, you could build and execute the benchmark in
51 separate steps. On the build system run:
55 and then copy the source and build directories to the target and run the
56 benchmarks from the build directory as usual:
60 make sure the copy preserves timestamps by using either rsync or scp -p
61 otherwise the above command may try to build the benchmark again. Benchmarks
62 that require generated code to be executed during the build are skipped when
65 Running subsets of benchmarks:
66 ==============================
68 To run only a subset of benchmarks, one may invoke make as follows
70 $ make bench BENCHSET="bench-pthread bench-math malloc-thread"
72 where BENCHSET may be a space-separated list of the following values:
84 Adding a function to benchtests:
85 ===============================
87 If the name of the function is `foo', then the following procedure should allow
88 one to add `foo' to the bench tests:
90 - Append the function name to the bench variable in the Makefile.
92 - Make a file called `foo-inputs` to provide the definition and input for the
93 function. The file should have some directives telling the parser script
94 about the function and then one input per line. Directives are lines that
95 have a special meaning for the parser and they begin with two hashes '##'.
96 The following directives are recognized:
98 - args: This should be assigned a colon separated list of types of the input
99 arguments. This directive may be skipped if the function does not take any
100 inputs. One may identify output arguments by nesting them in <>. The
101 generator will create variables to get outputs from the calling function.
102 - ret: This should be assigned the type that the function returns. This
103 directive may be skipped if the function does not return a value.
104 - includes: This should be assigned a comma-separated list of headers that
105 need to be included to provide declarations for the function and types it
106 may need (specifically, this includes using "#include <header>").
107 - include-sources: This should be assigned a comma-separated list of source
108 files that need to be included to provide definitions of global variables
109 and functions (specifically, this includes using "#include "source").
110 See pthread_once-inputs and pthreads_once-source.c for an example of how
111 to use this to benchmark a function that needs state across several calls.
112 - init: Name of an initializer function to call to initialize the benchtest.
113 - name: See following section for instructions on how to use this directive.
115 Lines beginning with a single hash '#' are treated as comments. See
116 pow-inputs for an example of an input file.
118 Multiple execution units per function:
119 =====================================
121 Some functions have distinct performance characteristics for different input
122 domains and it may be necessary to measure those separately. For example, some
123 math functions perform computations at different levels of precision (64-bit vs
124 240-bit vs 768-bit) and mixing them does not give a very useful picture of the
125 performance of these functions. One could separate inputs for these domains in
126 the same file by using the `name' directive that looks something like this:
130 All inputs after the ##name: 240bits directive and until the next `name'
131 directive (or the end of file) are part of the "240bits" benchmark and
132 will be output separately in benchtests/bench.out. See the pow-inputs file
133 for an example of what such a partitioned input file would look like.
135 It is also possible to measure latency and reciprocal throughput of a
136 (partial) trace extracted from a real workload. In this case the whole trace
137 is iterated over multiple times rather than repeating every input multiple
138 times. This can be done via:
140 ##name: workload-<name>
142 where <name> is simply used to distinguish between different traces in the
143 same file. To create such a trace, you can simply extract using printf()
144 values uses for a specific application, or generate random values in some
145 interval. See the expf-inputs file for an example of this workload mechanism.
150 In addition to standard benchmarking of functions, one may also generate
151 custom outputs for a set of functions. This is currently used by string
152 function benchmarks where the aim is to compare performance between
153 implementations at various alignments and for various sizes.
155 To add a benchset for `foo':
157 - Add `foo' to the benchset variable.
158 - Write your bench-foo.c that prints out the measurements to stdout.
159 - On execution, a bench-foo.out is created in $(objpfx) with the contents of
162 Reading String Benchmark Results:
163 ================================
165 Some of the string benchmark results are now in JSON to make it easier to read
166 in scripts. Use the benchtests/compare_strings.py script to show the results
167 in a tabular format, generate graphs and more. Run
169 benchtests/scripts/compare_strings.py -h
171 for usage information.