6 git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
11 'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard] [-q] [<commit>]
12 'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
16 Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
17 index and working tree to match.
19 This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
20 commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
21 the undo in the history.
23 If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
24 linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
26 The second form with 'paths' is used to revert selected paths in
27 the index from a given commit, without moving HEAD.
33 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
34 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
35 been updated. This is the default action.
38 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
39 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
40 files "Changes to be committed", as 'git-status' would
44 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
45 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
46 since <commit> are lost.
49 Be quiet, only report errors.
52 Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD.
57 Undo a commit and redo::
61 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
63 $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
66 <1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
67 just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
68 message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
69 <2> Make corrections to working tree files.
70 <3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
71 commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
72 edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
74 See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
76 Undo commits permanently::
80 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
83 <1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
84 and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
85 you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
86 "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
87 the implications of doing so.)
89 Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
92 $ git branch topic/wip <1>
93 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
94 $ git checkout topic/wip <3>
97 <1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
98 to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
99 them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
101 <2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
102 <3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
108 $ git add frotz.c filfre.c
111 $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
114 <1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
115 in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
116 when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
117 and changes with these files are distracting.
118 <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
119 <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
120 not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
121 to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
122 index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
124 <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
125 changes still in the working tree.
127 Undo a merge or pull::
132 CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
133 Automatic merge failed/prevented; fix up by hand
134 $ git reset --hard <2>
135 $ git pull . topic/branch <3>
136 Updating from 41223... to 13134...
138 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
141 <1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
142 conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
143 right now, so you decide to do that later.
144 <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
145 which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
146 from the index file and the working tree.
147 <3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
149 <4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
150 consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
151 tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
152 brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
153 and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
155 Interrupted workflow::
157 Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
158 are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
159 working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
160 need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
163 $ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
164 $ work work work ;# got interrupted
165 $ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
166 $ git checkout master
168 $ git commit ;# commit with real log
169 $ git checkout feature
170 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
174 <1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
175 <2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
176 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
177 <3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
178 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
179 WIP files as uncommitted.
181 Reset a single file in the index::
183 Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
184 want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
185 while keeping your changes with git reset.
188 $ git reset -- frotz.c <1>
189 $ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2>
190 $ git add frotz.c <3>
193 <1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
195 <2> This commits all other changes in the index.
196 <3> Adds the file to the index again.
200 Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
204 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
208 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite