4 If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
5 is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
6 inserted before the 'Author:' line. This line begins with
7 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
8 separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
9 necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
10 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
11 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
14 There are several built-in formats, and you can define
15 additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
16 config option to either another format name, or a
17 'format:' string, as described below (see
18 linkgit:git-config[1]). Here are the details of the
25 This is designed to be as compact as possible.
58 AuthorDate: <author date>
60 CommitDate: <committer date>
71 Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
77 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
78 stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are
79 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
80 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
81 true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
82 simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
83 commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
84 `git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
89 The 'format:<string>' format allows you to specify which information
90 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
91 with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
94 E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
95 would show something like this:
98 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
99 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
103 The placeholders are:
106 - '%h': abbreviated commit hash
108 - '%t': abbreviated tree hash
109 - '%P': parent hashes
110 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
112 - '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
113 or linkgit:git-blame[1])
114 - '%ae': author email
115 - '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
116 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
117 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
118 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
119 - '%ar': author date, relative
120 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
121 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
122 - '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
123 - '%cn': committer name
124 - '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
125 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
126 - '%ce': committer email
127 - '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
128 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
129 - '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
130 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
131 - '%cr': committer date, relative
132 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
133 - '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
134 - '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
135 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
136 - '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
139 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
141 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
142 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
144 endif::git-rev-list[]
145 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
146 - '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature, "B" for a bad signature,
147 "U" for a good signature with unknown validity and "N" for no signature
148 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
149 - '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
150 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or
151 `refs/stash@{2 minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described
152 for the `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
153 given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master` would
154 yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
155 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector; same as `%gD`, but the refname
156 portion is shortened for human readability (so `refs/heads/master`
157 becomes just `master`).
158 - '%gn': reflog identity name
159 - '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
160 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
161 - '%ge': reflog identity email
162 - '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
163 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
164 - '%gs': reflog subject
165 - '%Cred': switch color to red
166 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
167 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
168 - '%Creset': reset color
169 - '%C(...)': color specification, as described under Values in the
170 "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1];
171 adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
172 enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
173 respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
174 terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
175 on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
176 - '%m': left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark
179 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
180 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
181 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
182 - '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
183 least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
184 Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
185 or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
186 Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
187 - '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
188 columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
189 - '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
190 respectively, but padding spaces on the left
191 - '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
192 respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
193 than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
194 - '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
195 respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
197 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
198 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
199 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
200 `git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
201 decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
204 If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
205 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
206 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
208 If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, line-feeds that
209 immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
210 placeholder expands to an empty string.
212 If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space
213 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
214 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
218 The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
219 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
220 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
221 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
222 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
223 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
226 ---------------------
227 $ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
228 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
230 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
232 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
233 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
236 ---------------------
238 In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
239 as if it has `tformat:` in front of it. For example, these two are
242 ---------------------
243 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
244 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
245 ---------------------