6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.11.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.6]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
51 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
52 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
53 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
54 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
55 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
56 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
58 * link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
62 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
63 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
64 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
65 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
66 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
68 * link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
72 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
73 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
74 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
75 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
76 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
77 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
78 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
80 * link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
83 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
84 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
85 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
86 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
87 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
88 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
89 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
91 * link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
94 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
95 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
96 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
97 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
98 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
99 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
100 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
101 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
103 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
106 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
107 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
108 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
109 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
110 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
111 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
112 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
114 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
117 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
118 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
119 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
120 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
121 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
123 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
126 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
127 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
128 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
129 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
130 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
131 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
133 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
136 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
137 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
138 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
139 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
140 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
141 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
143 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
146 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
147 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
148 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
149 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
150 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
151 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
153 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
156 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
157 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
158 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
159 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
160 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
162 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
165 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
166 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
167 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
168 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
169 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
170 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
171 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
172 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
173 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
174 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
176 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
179 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
180 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
181 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
182 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
184 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
187 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
188 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
189 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
190 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
191 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
192 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
193 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
194 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
195 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
196 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
198 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
201 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
202 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
203 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
204 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
205 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
206 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
208 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
211 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
212 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
213 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
214 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
215 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
218 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
219 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
220 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
221 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
222 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
223 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
225 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
228 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
229 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
230 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
231 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
233 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
236 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
237 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
238 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
239 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
240 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
241 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
242 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
244 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
247 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
248 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
249 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
250 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
251 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
252 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
253 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
255 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
258 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
259 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
260 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
261 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
262 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
263 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
264 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
266 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
269 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
270 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
271 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
272 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
273 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
274 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
275 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
276 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
278 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
281 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
282 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
283 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
284 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
285 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
286 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
287 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
288 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
289 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
291 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
294 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
295 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
296 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
297 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
298 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
299 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
301 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
304 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
305 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
306 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
307 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
308 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
309 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
310 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
312 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
315 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
316 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
317 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
318 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
319 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
320 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
321 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
323 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
324 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
325 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
326 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
335 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
338 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
339 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
340 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
341 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
343 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
344 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
345 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
349 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
350 given will override values from configuration files.
351 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
352 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
354 --exec-path[=<path>]::
355 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
356 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
357 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
358 the current setting and then exit.
361 Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
362 documentation is installed and exit.
365 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
366 this version of git and exit.
369 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
370 version of git are installed and exit.
374 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
375 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
376 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
380 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
383 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
384 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
385 path or relative path to current working directory.
388 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
389 or a path relative to the current working directory.
390 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
391 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
392 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
393 more detailed discussion).
396 Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
397 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
401 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
402 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
405 --no-replace-objects::
406 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
407 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
410 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
411 ---------------------
413 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
414 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
416 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
417 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
418 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
420 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
422 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
425 The internals are documented in the
426 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
431 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
432 ("plumbing") commands.
434 High-level commands (porcelain)
435 -------------------------------
437 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
438 ancillary user utilities.
440 Main porcelain commands
441 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
443 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
449 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
453 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
456 Interacting with Others
457 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
459 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
460 people via patch over e-mail.
462 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
465 Low-level commands (plumbing)
466 -----------------------------
468 Although git includes its
469 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
470 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
471 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
472 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
474 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
475 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
476 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
477 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
478 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
481 The following description divides
482 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
483 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
484 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
488 Manipulation commands
489 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
491 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
494 Interrogation commands
495 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
497 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
499 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
503 Synching repositories
504 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
506 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
508 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
509 typically do not use them directly.
511 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
514 Internal helper commands
515 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
517 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
518 users typically do not use them directly.
520 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
523 Configuration Mechanism
524 -----------------------
526 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
527 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
528 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
529 people. Here is an example:
533 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
538 ; Don't trust file modes
543 name = "Junio C Hamano"
544 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
548 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
549 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
553 Identifier Terminology
554 ----------------------
556 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
559 Indicates a blob object name.
562 Indicates a tree object name.
565 Indicates a commit object name.
568 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
569 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
570 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
571 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
574 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
575 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
576 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
577 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
580 Indicates that an object type is required.
581 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
584 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
585 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
589 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
593 indicates the head of the current branch.
597 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
601 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
603 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
604 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
607 File/Directory Structure
608 ------------------------
610 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
612 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
614 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
620 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
623 Environment Variables
624 ---------------------
625 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
629 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
630 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
631 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
634 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
635 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
638 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
639 If the object storage directory is specified via this
640 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
641 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
644 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
645 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
646 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
647 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
648 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
649 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
652 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
653 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
654 for the base of the repository.
657 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
658 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
659 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
660 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
661 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
664 Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
665 The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
667 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
668 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
669 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
670 up into while looking for a repository directory.
671 It will not exclude the current working directory or
672 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
673 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
675 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
676 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
677 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
678 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
679 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
680 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
681 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
682 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
690 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
691 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
692 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
694 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
699 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
700 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
701 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
702 value passed on the git diff command line.
704 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
705 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
706 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
707 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
708 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
710 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
714 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
715 contents of <old|new>,
716 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
717 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
719 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
720 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
721 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
722 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
723 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
725 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
730 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
731 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
732 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
733 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
736 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
737 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
738 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
739 linkgit:git-config[1].
742 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
743 It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode,
744 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
745 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
748 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
749 and 'git push' will use this command instead
750 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
751 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
752 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
753 shell command to execute on that remote system.
755 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
756 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
757 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
759 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
760 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
764 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
765 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
766 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
767 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
768 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
771 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
772 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
773 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
774 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
775 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
776 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
777 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
778 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
781 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
782 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
783 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
784 execution and external command execution.
785 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
786 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
787 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
788 trace messages into this file descriptor.
789 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
790 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
791 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
794 Discussion[[Discussion]]
795 ------------------------
797 More detail on the following is available from the
798 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
799 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
801 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
802 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
803 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
804 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
805 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
806 as tags and branch heads.
808 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
809 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
810 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
811 and some number of parent commits.
813 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
814 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
815 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
816 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
818 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
819 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
820 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
821 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
824 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
825 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
827 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
828 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
829 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
830 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
831 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
832 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
834 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
835 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
836 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
837 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
838 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
839 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
840 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
841 content stored in the index.
843 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
844 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
845 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
849 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
850 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
851 <git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
852 http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
853 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
854 the authors for specific parts of the project.
859 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
860 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
861 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
865 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
866 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
867 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
868 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
869 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
873 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite