6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
37 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
38 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
39 shown. The default option is 'short'.
41 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
42 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
43 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
44 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
45 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
46 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
47 `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
48 the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
49 override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
52 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
57 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
58 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
59 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
62 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
63 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
64 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
65 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
66 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
68 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
69 produced by `--stat`, etc.
72 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
73 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
74 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
75 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
77 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
78 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
79 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
80 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
81 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
82 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
83 give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
84 <start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
85 You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
86 Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
87 (namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
88 `--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
90 include::line-range-format.txt[]
93 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
94 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
95 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
96 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
97 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
98 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
99 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
102 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
103 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
104 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
107 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
108 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
110 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
112 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
118 include::diff-options.txt[]
120 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
124 `git log --no-merges`::
126 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
128 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
130 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
131 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
133 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
135 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
136 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
139 `git log --name-status release..test`::
141 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
142 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
143 each commit modifies.
145 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
147 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
148 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
151 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
153 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
154 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
157 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
159 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
160 repository master branches.
162 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
164 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
165 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
166 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
167 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
168 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
170 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
172 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
177 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
187 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
188 for settings related to diff generation.
191 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
192 Defaults to `medium`.
194 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
195 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
196 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
200 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
201 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
202 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
204 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
205 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
209 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
210 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
211 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
212 on non-linear history.
215 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
216 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
217 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
218 The default is `true`.
221 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
222 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
225 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
228 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
229 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
230 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
231 linkgit:git-notes[1].
233 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
234 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
235 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
237 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
238 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
239 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
243 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite