6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.10/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
52 * link:v1.7.9.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.6]
55 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
56 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
57 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
58 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
59 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
60 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
63 * link:v1.7.8.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.5]
66 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
67 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
68 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
69 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
70 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
73 * link:v1.7.7.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.6]
76 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
77 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
78 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
79 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
80 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
81 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
82 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
84 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
87 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
88 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
89 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
90 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
91 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
92 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
93 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
95 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
98 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
99 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
100 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
101 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
102 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
104 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
107 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
108 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
109 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
110 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
111 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
112 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
114 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
117 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
118 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
119 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
120 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
121 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
122 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
124 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
127 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
128 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
129 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
130 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
131 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
132 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
134 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
137 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
138 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
139 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
140 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
141 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
143 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
146 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
147 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
148 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
149 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
150 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
151 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
152 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
153 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
154 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
155 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
157 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
160 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
161 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
162 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
163 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
165 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
168 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
169 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
170 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
171 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
172 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
173 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
174 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
175 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
176 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
177 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
179 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
182 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
183 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
184 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
185 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
186 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
187 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
189 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
192 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
193 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
194 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
195 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
196 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
199 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
200 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
201 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
202 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
203 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
204 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
206 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
209 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
210 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
211 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
212 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
214 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
217 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
218 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
219 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
220 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
221 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
222 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
223 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
225 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
228 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
229 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
230 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
231 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
232 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
233 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
234 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
236 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
239 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
240 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
241 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
242 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
243 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
244 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
245 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
247 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
250 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
251 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
252 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
253 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
254 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
255 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
256 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
257 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
259 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
262 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
263 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
264 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
265 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
266 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
267 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
268 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
269 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
270 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
272 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
275 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
276 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
277 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
278 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
279 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
280 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
282 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
285 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
286 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
287 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
288 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
289 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
290 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
291 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
293 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
296 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
297 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
298 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
299 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
300 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
301 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
302 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
304 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
305 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
306 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
307 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
316 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
319 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
320 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
321 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
322 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
324 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
325 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
326 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
330 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
331 given will override values from configuration files.
332 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
333 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
335 --exec-path[=<path>]::
336 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
337 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
338 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
339 the current setting and then exit.
342 Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
343 documentation is installed and exit.
346 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
347 this version of git and exit.
350 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
351 version of git are installed and exit.
355 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
356 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
357 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
361 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
364 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
365 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
366 path or relative path to current working directory.
369 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
370 or a path relative to the current working directory.
371 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
372 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
373 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
374 more detailed discussion).
377 Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
378 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
382 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
383 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
386 --no-replace-objects::
387 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
388 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
391 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
392 ---------------------
394 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
395 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
397 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
398 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
399 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
401 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
403 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
406 The internals are documented in the
407 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
412 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
413 ("plumbing") commands.
415 High-level commands (porcelain)
416 -------------------------------
418 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
419 ancillary user utilities.
421 Main porcelain commands
422 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
424 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
430 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
434 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
437 Interacting with Others
438 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
440 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
441 people via patch over e-mail.
443 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
446 Low-level commands (plumbing)
447 -----------------------------
449 Although git includes its
450 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
451 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
452 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
453 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
455 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
456 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
457 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
458 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
459 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
462 The following description divides
463 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
464 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
465 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
469 Manipulation commands
470 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
472 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
475 Interrogation commands
476 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
478 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
480 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
484 Synching repositories
485 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
487 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
489 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
490 typically do not use them directly.
492 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
495 Internal helper commands
496 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
498 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
499 users typically do not use them directly.
501 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
504 Configuration Mechanism
505 -----------------------
507 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
508 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
509 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
510 people. Here is an example:
514 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
519 ; Don't trust file modes
524 name = "Junio C Hamano"
525 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
529 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
530 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
534 Identifier Terminology
535 ----------------------
537 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
540 Indicates a blob object name.
543 Indicates a tree object name.
546 Indicates a commit object name.
549 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
550 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
551 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
552 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
555 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
556 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
557 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
558 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
561 Indicates that an object type is required.
562 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
565 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
566 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
570 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
574 indicates the head of the current branch.
578 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
582 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
584 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
585 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
588 File/Directory Structure
589 ------------------------
591 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
593 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
595 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
601 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
604 Environment Variables
605 ---------------------
606 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
610 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
611 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
612 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
615 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
616 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
619 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
620 If the object storage directory is specified via this
621 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
622 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
625 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
626 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
627 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
628 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
629 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
630 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
633 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
634 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
635 for the base of the repository.
638 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
639 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
640 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
641 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
642 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
645 Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
646 The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
648 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
649 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
650 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
651 up into while looking for a repository directory.
652 It will not exclude the current working directory or
653 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
654 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
656 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
657 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
658 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
659 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
660 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
661 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
662 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
663 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
671 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
672 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
673 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
675 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
680 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
681 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
682 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
683 value passed on the git diff command line.
685 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
686 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
687 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
688 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
689 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
691 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
695 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
696 contents of <old|new>,
697 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
698 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
700 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
701 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
702 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
703 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
704 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
706 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
711 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
712 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
713 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
714 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
717 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
718 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
719 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
720 linkgit:git-config[1].
723 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
724 It is used by several git comands when, on interactive mode,
725 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
726 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
729 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
730 and 'git push' will use this command instead
731 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
732 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
733 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
734 shell command to execute on that remote system.
736 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
737 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
738 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
740 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
741 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
745 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
746 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
747 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
748 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
749 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
752 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
753 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
754 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
755 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
756 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
757 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
758 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
759 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
762 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
763 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
764 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
765 execution and external command execution.
766 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
767 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
768 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
769 trace messages into this file descriptor.
770 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
771 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
772 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
775 Discussion[[Discussion]]
776 ------------------------
778 More detail on the following is available from the
779 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
780 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
782 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
783 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
784 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
785 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
786 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
787 as tags and branch heads.
789 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
790 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
791 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
792 and some number of parent commits.
794 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
795 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
796 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
797 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
799 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
800 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
801 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
802 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
805 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
806 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
808 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
809 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
810 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
811 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
812 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
813 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
815 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
816 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
817 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
818 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
819 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
820 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
821 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
822 content stored in the index.
824 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
825 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
826 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
830 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
831 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
832 <git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
833 http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
834 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
835 the authors for specific parts of the project.
840 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
841 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
842 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
846 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
847 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
848 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
849 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
850 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
854 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite