4 The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
5 redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
6 and an alternate current directory.
8 A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
9 which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
10 produces in the caller in order to process it.
16 `child_process_init`::
18 Initialize a struct child_process variable.
22 Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
23 that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
24 See below for details.
28 Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
33 A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
34 start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
35 to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
37 `run_command_v_opt`, `run_command_v_opt_cd_env`::
39 Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
40 start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
41 specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
42 or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
43 `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
44 that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
45 .stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
46 The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
47 corresponds to the member .env.
49 The functions above do the following:
51 . If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
54 . If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
55 ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
57 . Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
58 code is returned. No diagnostic is printed, even if the exit code is
61 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
62 signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
63 report. A diagnostic is printed.
68 Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
69 async` that specifies the details and returns a set of pipe FDs
70 for communication with the function. See below for details.
74 Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
75 started with start_async().
80 The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
81 if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
82 The second argument is the name of the hook.
83 The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
84 The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
85 If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
87 If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
88 status of the hook is returned.
89 On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
96 * `struct child_process`
98 This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
99 command to run in a sub-process.
103 1. allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
104 CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;
105 2. initializes the members;
106 3. calls start_command();
107 4. processes the data;
108 5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
109 6. calls finish_command().
111 The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
112 terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
113 without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
114 the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
116 Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
117 caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
118 .argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
119 `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
120 one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
121 `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
123 The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
126 . Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
127 is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
130 . Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
131 by the pipe FD in the following way:
133 .in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
134 the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.
136 .out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
137 reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
140 The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
141 after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
143 . Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:
145 .in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
146 .out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
147 .err: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stderr.
149 The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
152 . Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
155 .no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
156 redirected to /dev/null.
158 .stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
159 stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
160 So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
163 To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
164 string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
166 . If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
167 the variable is added to the child process's environment.
169 . If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
170 variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
172 If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
173 .env_array `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
174 The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
175 `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
177 To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
178 specify it in the .dir member.
180 If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
181 errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
182 .silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
183 special error condition.
188 This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
189 to produce output that the caller reads.
193 1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
194 struct async variable;
195 2. initializes .proc and .data;
196 3. calls start_async();
197 4. processes communicates with proc through .in and .out;
198 5. closes .in and .out;
199 6. calls finish_async().
201 The members .in, .out are used to provide a set of fd's for
202 communication between the caller and the callee as follows:
204 . Specify 0 to have no file descriptor passed. The callee will
205 receive -1 in the corresponding argument.
207 . Specify < 0 to have a pipe allocated; start_async() replaces
208 with the pipe FD in the following way:
210 .in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller
211 writes; the readable end of the pipe becomes the function's
214 .out: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
215 reads; the writable end of the pipe becomes the function's
218 The caller of start_async() must close the returned FDs after it
219 has completed reading from/writing from them.
221 . Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the function:
223 .in: The FD must be readable; it becomes the function's in.
224 .out: The FD must be writable; it becomes the function's out.
226 The specified FD is closed by start_async(), even if it fails to
229 The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
231 int proc(int in, int out, void *data);
233 . in, out specifies a set of file descriptors to which the function
234 must read/write the data that it needs/produces. The function
235 *must* close these descriptors before it returns. A descriptor
236 may be -1 if the caller did not configure a descriptor for that
239 . data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
242 . The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
243 on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
244 report failure as well.
247 There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
248 because this facility is implemented by a thread in the same address
249 space on most platforms (when pthreads is available), but by a pipe to
250 a forked process otherwise:
252 . It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
253 etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .in and .out
254 are the only communication channels to the caller.
256 . It must not change the program's state that the caller of the