6 git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index
13 [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
14 [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
15 [(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...]
17 [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
18 [--[no-]skip-worktree]
20 [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
21 [--info-only] [--index-info]
22 [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
28 Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
29 into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
32 See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
33 the most common operations on the index.
35 The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
36 using the various options:
41 If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
43 Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
46 If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
48 Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
51 Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
52 updates are needed by checking stat() information.
55 Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
56 default behavior is to error out. This option makes
57 'git update-index' continue anyway.
60 Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected
61 when passed before --refresh.
64 If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
65 behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index'
69 Ignores missing files during a --refresh
71 --cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>::
72 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
73 Directly insert the specified info into the index. For
74 backward compatibility, you can also give these three
75 arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are
76 encouraged to use a single-parameter form.
79 Read index information from stdin.
82 Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
84 --[no-]assume-unchanged::
85 When this flag is specified, the object names recorded
86 for the paths are not updated. Instead, this option
87 sets/unsets the "assume unchanged" bit for the
88 paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, the user
89 promises not to change the file and allows Git to assume
90 that the working tree file matches what is recorded in
91 the index. If you want to change the working tree file,
92 you need to unset the bit to tell Git. This is
93 sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
94 filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
97 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
98 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
99 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
100 you will need to handle the situation manually.
103 Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
104 without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
106 --[no-]skip-worktree::
107 When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
108 for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
109 set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
110 section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
114 Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
115 entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
118 Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
119 file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
122 Do not create objects in the object database for all
123 <file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
124 their object IDs into the index.
127 Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
128 still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
131 By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
132 'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
133 Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
134 cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries
135 that conflict with the entry being added are
136 automatically removed with warning messages.
139 Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
140 read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are
141 separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
144 Report what is being added and removed from index.
146 --index-version <n>::
147 Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
148 Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
149 or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
152 Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
153 size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
154 time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
155 October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
156 may not support it yet.
159 Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
160 separated with NUL character instead of LF.
164 Enable or disable split index mode. If enabled, the index is
165 split into two files, $GIT_DIR/index and $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>.
166 Changes are accumulated in $GIT_DIR/index while the shared
167 index file contains all index entries stays unchanged. If
168 split-index mode is already enabled and `--split-index` is
169 given again, all changes in $GIT_DIR/index are pushed back to
170 the shared index file. This mode is designed for very large
171 indexes that take a significant amount of time to read or write.
174 Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
178 Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
179 `./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
181 The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'
185 '--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
186 up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
187 "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
188 can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
189 the stat entry is out of date.
191 For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
192 up the stat index details with the proper files.
194 Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
195 --------------------------------
196 '--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
197 current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout
200 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
203 $ git update-index --cacheinfo <mode>,<sha1>,<path>
206 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
207 database. This is useful for status-only repositories.
209 Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
210 but the object database isn't. '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
211 in the database but the file isn't available locally. '--info-only' is
212 useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
219 `--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
220 multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
221 specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:
223 . mode SP sha1 TAB path
225 The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
226 reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
227 that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
230 . mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path
232 The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
235 . mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
237 This format is to put higher order stages into the
238 index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.
240 To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
241 first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
242 then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.
244 For example, starting with this index:
248 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz
251 you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:
254 $ git update-index --index-info
255 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz
256 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
257 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
260 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
261 path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
262 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
263 for that path. After the above, we would end up with this:
267 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
268 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
272 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
273 ------------------------------
275 Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
276 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
277 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
278 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
279 the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
280 inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you
281 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
282 cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a
283 path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
284 see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
285 assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working
286 tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
287 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
289 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
290 option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
291 have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
292 (see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).
294 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When
295 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
296 paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
297 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
298 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
299 unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
300 `git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
301 the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
302 to mark them as "assume unchanged").
307 To update and refresh only the files already checked out:
310 $ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
313 On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
316 $ git update-index --really-refresh <1>
317 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2>
318 $ git diff --name-only <3>
320 $ git diff --name-only <4>
322 $ git update-index foo.c <5>
323 $ git diff --name-only <6>
325 $ git diff --name-only <7>
326 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8>
327 $ git diff --name-only <9>
331 <1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
332 <2> mark the path to be edited.
333 <3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
334 <4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
335 <5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
336 <6> and it is assumed unchanged.
337 <7> even after you edit it.
338 <8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
339 <9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
345 Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
346 an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
347 working directory version is up to date and read the index version
350 To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
351 file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
352 present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
353 version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
354 is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
355 file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
356 working directory version matches index version)
358 Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
359 different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
360 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
366 The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If
367 your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
368 unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
369 This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
370 in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
371 executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
372 need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.
374 Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
375 to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
376 as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
377 from symbolic link to regular file.
379 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See
380 'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.
382 The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
383 It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
384 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
385 ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
390 linkgit:git-config[1],
392 linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
396 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite