6 git-pack-objects - Create a packed archive of objects
12 'git pack-objects' [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
13 [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
14 [--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
15 [--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--stdout | base-name]
16 [--keep-true-parents] < object-list
21 Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes a packed
22 archive with specified base-name, or to the standard output.
24 A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer a set of objects
25 between two repositories as well as an access efficient archival
26 format. In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a
27 compressed whole or as a difference from some other object.
28 The latter is often called a delta.
30 The packed archive format (.pack) is designed to be self-contained
31 so that it can be unpacked without any further information. Therefore,
32 each object that a delta depends upon must be present within the pack.
34 A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
35 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
36 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
37 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
38 enables Git to read from the pack archive.
40 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
41 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
42 one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
43 commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
44 transport by their peers.
50 Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
51 <base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
52 When this option is used, the two files are written in
53 <base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files. <SHA-1> is a hash
54 based on the pack content and is written to the standard
55 output of the command.
58 Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
59 .pack file) out to the standard output.
62 Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
63 individual object names. The revision arguments are processed
64 the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
65 uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
66 outputs. The objects on the resulting list are packed.
67 Besides revisions, `--not` or `--shallow <SHA-1>` lines are
71 This implies `--revs`. When processing the list of
72 revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
73 the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
76 This implies `--revs`. In addition to the list of
77 revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
78 as if all refs under `refs/` are specified to be
82 Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
83 reference was included in the resulting packfile. This
84 can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
88 These two options affect how the objects contained in
89 the pack are stored using delta compression. The
90 objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
91 optionally names and compared against the other objects
92 within --window to see if using delta compression saves
93 space. --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
94 it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
95 side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
96 times to get to the necessary object.
97 The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
100 This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`;
101 the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
102 up more than '<n>' bytes in memory. This is useful in
103 repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
104 out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
105 advantage of the large window for the smaller objects. The
106 size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
107 `--window-memory=0` makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
110 --max-pack-size=<n>::
111 Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
112 "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
113 If specified, multiple packfiles may be created.
114 The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
115 `pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
118 This flag causes an object already in a local pack that
119 has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it would have
120 otherwise been packed.
123 This flag causes an object already in a pack to be ignored
124 even if it would have otherwise been packed.
127 This flag causes an object that is borrowed from an alternate
128 object store to be ignored even if it would have otherwise been
132 Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
136 Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
137 by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
138 is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
139 the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
142 When --stdout is specified then progress report is
143 displayed during the object count and compression phases
144 but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
145 that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
146 to another command which may wish to display progress
147 status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
148 This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
149 report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
152 --all-progress-implied::
153 This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
154 is activated. Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
155 force any progress display by itself.
158 This flag makes the command not to report its progress
159 on the standard error stream.
162 When creating a packed archive in a repository that
163 has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
164 This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
165 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
166 but compute them from scratch.
169 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
170 including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
171 This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
172 wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
173 packed data is desired.
176 Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
177 generated pack. If not specified, pack compression level is
178 determined first by pack.compression, then by core.compression,
179 and defaults to -1, the zlib default, if neither is set.
180 Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
181 level on all data no matter the source.
184 Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a
185 sender and a receiver in order to reduce network transfer. This
186 option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
188 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
189 required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
190 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
191 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
193 --delta-base-offset::
194 A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
195 either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
196 stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
197 latter. By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
198 former format for better compatibility. This option
199 allows the command to use the latter format for
200 compactness. Depending on the average delta chain
201 length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
202 packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
204 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
205 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
206 in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
207 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
210 Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
211 delta matches. This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
212 pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
213 This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
214 The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
215 however multiplied by the number of threads.
216 Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
217 and set the number of threads accordingly.
219 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
220 This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
221 to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
222 64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
224 --keep-true-parents::
225 With this option, parents that are hidden by grafts are packed
230 linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
231 linkgit:git-repack[1]
232 linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
236 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite