6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
49 of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
50 'sendemail.multiedit'.
53 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
56 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
59 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
60 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
62 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
65 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
66 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
68 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
69 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
70 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
71 (or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
72 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
74 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
76 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
79 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
80 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
81 neither the command-line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
82 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
83 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
84 set, as returned by "git var -l".
86 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
87 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
88 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
89 provide a new patch series.
90 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
91 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
93 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
94 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
95 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
97 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
98 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
99 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
100 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
101 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
102 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
103 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
105 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
106 is not set, this will be prompted for.
109 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
110 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
111 is not set, this will be prompted for.
114 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
115 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
116 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
117 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
119 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
121 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
122 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
123 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
124 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
125 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
126 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
128 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
130 --compose-encoding=<encoding>::
131 Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
132 'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
138 --envelope-sender=<address>::
139 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
140 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
141 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
142 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
143 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
144 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
145 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
147 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
148 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
149 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
150 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
152 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
153 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
154 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
155 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
156 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
157 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
159 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
160 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
161 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
162 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
163 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
165 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
166 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
167 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
168 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
169 a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
171 --smtp-server=<host>::
172 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
173 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
174 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
175 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
176 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
177 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
178 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
179 `localhost` otherwise.
181 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
182 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
183 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
184 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
185 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
186 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
187 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
189 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
190 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
191 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
192 configuration option.
194 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
195 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
196 must be used for each option.
199 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
201 --smtp-ssl-cert-path::
202 Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
203 Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
204 Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath'
205 configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise.
208 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
209 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
210 then authentication is not attempted.
213 Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
214 commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
215 connection and authentication problems.
221 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
222 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
223 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
224 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
227 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
228 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
229 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
230 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
232 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
233 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
234 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
235 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
236 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
237 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
238 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
240 --identity=<identity>::
241 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
242 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
243 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
244 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
246 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
247 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
248 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
249 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
252 If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
253 the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
254 for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
255 configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
258 If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
259 the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
260 for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
261 configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
263 --suppress-cc=<category>::
264 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
268 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
269 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
270 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
271 except for self (use 'self' for that).
272 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
273 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
274 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
275 for self (use 'self' for that).
276 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
277 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
278 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
281 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
282 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
283 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
285 --[no-]suppress-from::
286 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
287 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
288 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
291 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
292 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
293 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
294 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
295 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
297 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
298 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
299 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
302 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
303 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
304 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
305 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
313 Confirm just before sending:
316 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
317 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
318 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
319 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
320 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
321 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
324 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
325 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
326 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
329 Do everything except actually send the emails.
331 --[no-]format-patch::
332 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
333 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
334 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
335 occurs, git send-email will fail.
338 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
342 Perform sanity checks on patches.
343 Currently, validation means the following:
346 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
347 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
350 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
351 default to '--validate'.
354 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
360 sendemail.aliasesfile::
361 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
362 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
364 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
365 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
366 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
368 sendemail.multiedit::
369 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
370 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
371 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
372 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
375 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
376 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
377 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
381 Use gmail as the smtp server
382 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
383 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
384 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
388 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
389 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
392 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
395 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
396 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
397 $ git send-email outgoing/*
399 Note: the following perl modules are required
400 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
404 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
408 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite