6 git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index
13 [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
14 [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
15 [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
17 [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
18 [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
20 [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
21 [--info-only] [--index-info]
22 [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
28 Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
29 into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
32 See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
33 the most common operations on the index.
35 The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
36 using the various options:
41 If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
43 Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
46 If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
48 Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
51 Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
52 updates are needed by checking stat() information.
55 Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
56 default behavior is to error out. This option makes
57 'git update-index' continue anyway.
60 Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected
61 when passed before --refresh.
64 If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
65 behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index'
69 Ignores missing files during a --refresh
71 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
72 Directly insert the specified info into the index.
75 Read index information from stdin.
78 Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
81 --no-assume-unchanged::
82 When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
83 for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
84 set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
85 paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
86 checking the working tree files for possible
87 modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
88 tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
89 sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
90 filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
93 This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
94 to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
95 `.gitignore` does for untracked files).
96 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
97 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
98 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
99 you will need to handle the situation manually.
102 Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
103 without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
107 When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
108 for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
109 set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
110 section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
114 Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
115 entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
118 Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
119 file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
122 Do not create objects in the object database for all
123 <file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
124 their object IDs into the index.
127 Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
128 still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
131 By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
132 'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
133 Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
134 cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries
135 that conflict with the entry being added are
136 automatically removed with warning messages.
139 Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
140 read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are
141 separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
144 Report what is being added and removed from index.
146 --index-version <n>::
147 Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
148 The current default version is 2.
151 Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
152 separated with NUL character instead of LF.
155 Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
159 Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
160 `./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
162 The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'
166 '--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
167 up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
168 "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
169 can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
170 the stat entry is out of date.
172 For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
173 up the stat index details with the proper files.
175 Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
176 --------------------------------
177 '--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
178 current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout
181 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
184 $ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
187 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
188 database. This is useful for status-only repositories.
190 Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
191 but the object database isn't. '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
192 in the database but the file isn't available locally. '--info-only' is
193 useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
200 `--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
201 multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
202 specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:
204 . mode SP sha1 TAB path
206 The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
207 reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
208 that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
211 . mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path
213 The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
216 . mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
218 This format is to put higher order stages into the
219 index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.
221 To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
222 first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
223 then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.
225 For example, starting with this index:
229 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz
232 you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:
235 $ git update-index --index-info
236 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz
237 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
238 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
241 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
242 path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
243 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
244 for that path. After the above, we would end up with this:
248 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
249 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
253 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
254 ------------------------------
256 Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
257 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
258 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
259 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
260 the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
261 inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you
262 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
263 cause git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a
264 path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
265 see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
266 assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working
267 tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
268 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
270 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
271 option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
272 have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
273 (see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).
275 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When
276 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
277 paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
278 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
279 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
280 unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
281 `git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
282 the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
283 to mark them as "assume unchanged").
288 To update and refresh only the files already checked out:
291 $ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
294 On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
297 $ git update-index --really-refresh <1>
298 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2>
299 $ git diff --name-only <3>
301 $ git diff --name-only <4>
303 $ git update-index foo.c <5>
304 $ git diff --name-only <6>
306 $ git diff --name-only <7>
307 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8>
308 $ git diff --name-only <9>
312 <1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
313 <2> mark the path to be edited.
314 <3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
315 <4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
316 <5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
317 <6> and it is assumed unchanged.
318 <7> even after you edit it.
319 <8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
320 <9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
326 Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
327 an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
328 working directory version is up to date and read the index version
331 To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
332 file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
333 present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
334 version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
335 is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
336 file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
337 working directory version matches index version)
339 Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
340 different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
341 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
347 The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If
348 your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
349 unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
350 This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
351 in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
352 executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
353 need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.
355 Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
356 to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
357 as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
358 from symbolic link to regular file.
360 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See
361 'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.
363 The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
364 It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
365 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
366 ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
371 linkgit:git-config[1],
373 linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
377 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite