6 git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
12 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
18 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
19 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
20 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
22 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
23 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
24 heads into the current branch.
25 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
27 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
28 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
29 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
30 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
31 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
32 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
34 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
35 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
36 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
38 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
42 A---B---C master on origin
47 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
48 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
49 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
50 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
51 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
54 A---B---C remotes/origin/master
56 D---E---F---G---H master
59 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
60 are presented and handled.
62 In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
63 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
64 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
65 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
67 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
68 the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
69 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
70 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
75 Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
76 must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
80 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
81 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
86 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
88 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
89 This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
90 be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
91 That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
92 commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
93 merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
94 has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
97 Options related to merging
98 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
100 include::merge-options.txt[]
105 --rebase[=false|true|preserve]::
106 When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
107 branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
108 corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
109 was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
110 to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
112 When preserve, also rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
113 branch, but pass `--preserve-merges` along to `git rebase` so that
114 locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
116 When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
118 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
119 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
120 `--rebase` instead of merging.
123 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
124 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
125 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
126 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
129 Override earlier --rebase.
131 Options related to fetching
132 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
134 include::fetch-options.txt[]
136 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
138 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
140 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
145 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
146 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
147 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
148 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
151 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
152 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
153 and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
154 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
156 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
157 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
158 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
159 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
160 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
161 file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
162 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
163 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
166 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
169 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
170 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
171 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
172 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
173 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
175 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
176 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
179 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
180 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
182 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
183 uses the refspec from the configuration or
184 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
187 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
188 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
189 remote site that is merged.
191 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
193 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
199 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
200 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
203 ------------------------------------------------
204 $ git pull, git pull origin
205 ------------------------------------------------
207 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
208 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
209 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
211 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
213 ------------------------------------------------
214 $ git pull origin next
215 ------------------------------------------------
217 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
218 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
219 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
221 ------------------------------------------------
223 $ git merge origin/next
224 ------------------------------------------------
227 If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
228 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
233 Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
234 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
235 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
236 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
237 having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
242 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
246 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite