6 git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index
13 [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
14 [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
15 [(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...]
17 [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
18 [--[no-]skip-worktree]
20 [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
21 [--info-only] [--index-info]
22 [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
28 Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
29 into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
32 See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
33 the most common operations on the index.
35 The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
36 using the various options:
41 If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
43 Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
46 If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
48 Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
51 Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
52 updates are needed by checking stat() information.
55 Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
56 default behavior is to error out. This option makes
57 'git update-index' continue anyway.
60 Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected
61 when passed before --refresh.
64 If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
65 behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index'
69 Ignores missing files during a --refresh
71 --cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>::
72 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
73 Directly insert the specified info into the index. For
74 backward compatibility, you can also give these three
75 arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are
76 encouraged to use a single-parameter form.
79 Read index information from stdin.
82 Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
84 --[no-]assume-unchanged::
85 When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
86 for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
87 set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
88 paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops
89 checking the working tree files for possible
90 modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
91 tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is
92 sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
93 filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
96 This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
97 to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
98 `.gitignore` does for untracked files).
99 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
100 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
101 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
102 you will need to handle the situation manually.
105 Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
106 without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
108 --[no-]skip-worktree::
109 When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
110 for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
111 set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
112 section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
116 Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
117 entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
120 Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
121 file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
124 Do not create objects in the object database for all
125 <file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
126 their object IDs into the index.
129 Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
130 still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
133 By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
134 'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
135 Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
136 cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries
137 that conflict with the entry being added are
138 automatically removed with warning messages.
141 Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
142 read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are
143 separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
146 Report what is being added and removed from index.
148 --index-version <n>::
149 Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
150 Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
151 or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
154 Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
155 size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
156 time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
157 October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
158 may not support it yet.
161 Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
162 separated with NUL character instead of LF.
165 Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
169 Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
170 `./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
172 The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'
176 '--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
177 up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
178 "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
179 can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
180 the stat entry is out of date.
182 For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
183 up the stat index details with the proper files.
185 Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
186 --------------------------------
187 '--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
188 current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout
191 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
194 $ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
197 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
198 database. This is useful for status-only repositories.
200 Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
201 but the object database isn't. '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
202 in the database but the file isn't available locally. '--info-only' is
203 useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
210 `--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
211 multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
212 specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:
214 . mode SP sha1 TAB path
216 The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
217 reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
218 that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
221 . mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path
223 The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
226 . mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
228 This format is to put higher order stages into the
229 index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.
231 To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
232 first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
233 then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.
235 For example, starting with this index:
239 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz
242 you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:
245 $ git update-index --index-info
246 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz
247 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
248 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
251 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
252 path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
253 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
254 for that path. After the above, we would end up with this:
258 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
259 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
263 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
264 ------------------------------
266 Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
267 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
268 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
269 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
270 the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
271 inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you
272 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
273 cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a
274 path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
275 see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
276 assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working
277 tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
278 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
280 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
281 option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
282 have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
283 (see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).
285 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When
286 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
287 paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
288 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
289 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
290 unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
291 `git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
292 the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
293 to mark them as "assume unchanged").
298 To update and refresh only the files already checked out:
301 $ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
304 On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
307 $ git update-index --really-refresh <1>
308 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2>
309 $ git diff --name-only <3>
311 $ git diff --name-only <4>
313 $ git update-index foo.c <5>
314 $ git diff --name-only <6>
316 $ git diff --name-only <7>
317 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8>
318 $ git diff --name-only <9>
322 <1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
323 <2> mark the path to be edited.
324 <3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
325 <4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
326 <5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
327 <6> and it is assumed unchanged.
328 <7> even after you edit it.
329 <8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
330 <9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
336 Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
337 an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
338 working directory version is up to date and read the index version
341 To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
342 file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
343 present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
344 version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
345 is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
346 file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
347 working directory version matches index version)
349 Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
350 different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
351 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
357 The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If
358 your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
359 unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
360 This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
361 in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
362 executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
363 need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.
365 Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
366 to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
367 as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
368 from symbolic link to regular file.
370 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See
371 'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.
373 The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
374 It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
375 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
376 ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
381 linkgit:git-config[1],
383 linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
387 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite