6 git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
10 'git-reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard] [<commit-ish>]
14 Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
15 index and working tree to match.
17 This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
18 commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
19 the undo in the history.
21 If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
22 gitlink:git-revert[1] is your friend.
27 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
28 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
29 been updated. This is the default action.
32 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
33 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
34 files "Updated but not checked in", as gitlink:git-status[1] would
38 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
39 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
40 since <commit-ish> are lost.
43 Commit to make the current HEAD.
48 Undo a commit and redo::
52 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
54 $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
57 <1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
58 just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
59 message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
60 <2> make corrections to working tree files.
61 <3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
62 commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
63 edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
65 Undo commits permanently::
69 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
72 <1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
73 and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
74 you have already given these commits to somebody else.
76 Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
79 $ git branch topic/wip <1>
80 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
81 $ git checkout topic/wip <3>
84 <1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
85 to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
86 them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
88 <2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
89 <3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
95 $ git-update-index frotz.c filfre.c
98 $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
101 <1> you are happily working on something, and find the changes
102 in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
103 when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
104 and changes with these files are distracting.
105 <2> somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
106 <3> however, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
107 not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
108 to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
109 index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
111 <4> then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
112 changes still in the working tree.
114 Undo a merge or pull::
118 Trying really trivial in-index merge...
119 fatal: Merge requires file-level merging
123 CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
124 Automatic merge failed/prevented; fix up by hand
125 $ git reset --hard <2>
126 $ git pull . topic/branch <3>
127 Updating from 41223... to 13134...
129 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
132 <1> try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
133 conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
134 right now, so you decide to do that later.
135 <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
136 which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
137 from the index file and the working tree.
138 <3> merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
140 <4> but you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
141 consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
142 tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
143 brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
144 and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
146 Interrupted workflow::
148 Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
149 are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
150 working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
151 need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
154 $ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
155 $ work work work ;# got interrupted
156 $ git commit -a -m 'snapshot WIP' <1>
157 $ git checkout master
159 $ git commit ;# commit with real log
160 $ git checkout feature
161 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
165 <1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
166 <2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
167 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
168 <3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
169 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
170 WIP files as uncommitted.
174 Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
178 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
182 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite