6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. The default option
40 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
44 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
45 to canonical real names and email addresses. See
46 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
49 Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
50 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
51 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
52 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
53 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
55 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
56 produced by --stat etc.
60 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
61 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
62 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
63 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
65 -L <start>,<end>:<file>, -L :<regex>:<file>::
67 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
68 (or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>. You may
69 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
70 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
71 give zero or one positive revision arguments.
72 You can specify this option more than once.
74 <start> and <end> can take one of these forms:
76 include::line-range-format.txt[]
79 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
80 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
81 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
82 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
83 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
84 ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
85 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
88 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
89 that match the specified paths came to be. See "History
90 Simplification" below for details and other simplification
93 Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
94 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
96 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
98 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
104 include::diff-options.txt[]
106 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
110 `git log --no-merges`::
112 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
114 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
116 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
117 in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
119 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
121 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
122 The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
125 `git log --name-status release..test`::
127 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
128 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
129 each commit modifies.
131 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
133 Shows the commits that changed builtin/rev-list.c, including
134 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
137 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
139 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
140 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
143 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
145 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
146 repository master branches.
148 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
150 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
151 "main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
152 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
153 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
154 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
156 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
158 Shows how the function `main()` in the file 'main.c' evolved
162 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
172 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
173 for settings related to diff generation.
176 Default for the `--format` option. (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.)
177 Defaults to "medium".
179 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
180 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See "Discussion", above.)
181 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8
185 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
186 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
187 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
190 If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the
191 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
192 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
193 The default is `true`.
196 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
199 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
200 or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
201 messages with the 'log' family of commands. See
202 linkgit:git-notes[1].
204 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
205 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
206 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
208 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
209 overridden by the 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' environment variable,
210 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
214 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite