6 git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
12 'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
14 [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
15 [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
26 [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
27 [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
28 [ \--date={local|relative|default} ]
29 [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
30 [ \--pretty | \--header ]
36 <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
41 Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
42 given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
43 useful to produce human-readable log output.
45 Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
46 stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
49 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
50 $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
51 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
53 means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
56 A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
57 short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
58 the following may be used interchangeably:
60 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
61 $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
62 $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
63 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
65 Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
66 for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
67 between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
69 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
70 $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
72 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
74 gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
75 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
76 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
77 used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
78 gitlink:git-repack[1].
86 Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
87 more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
88 gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
90 include::pretty-options.txt[]
94 Synonym for `--date=relative`.
96 --date={relative,local,default}::
98 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
99 as when using "--pretty".
101 `--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
104 `--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
106 `--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
107 (either committer's or author's).
111 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
112 separated with a NUL character.
116 Print the parents of the commit.
120 Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
121 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
122 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those
123 commits are prefixed with `-`.
125 For example, if you have this topology:
127 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
132 o---x---a---a branch A
133 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
135 you would get an output line this:
137 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
138 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
146 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
151 Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
152 Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
153 options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
157 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
158 the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
159 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
160 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
161 which were modified from all parents.
165 This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
166 patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
167 one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
172 Show recursive diffs.
176 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
181 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
182 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
183 limiting may be applied.
187 -n 'number', --max-count='number'::
189 Limit the number of commits output.
193 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
195 --since='date', --after='date'::
197 Show commits more recent than a specific date.
199 --until='date', --before='date'::
201 Show commits older than a specific date.
203 --max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
205 Limit the commits output to specified time range.
207 --author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
209 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
210 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
214 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
215 matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
219 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
223 Do not print commits with more than one parent.
227 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
228 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
232 Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
233 command line as '<commit>'.
237 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
238 line, read them from the standard input.
242 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
243 another commit on the "other side" when the set of
244 commits are limited with symmetric difference.
246 For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
247 to list all commits on only one side of them is with
248 `--left-right`, like the example above in the description of
249 that option. It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
250 from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
251 from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
252 excluded from the output.
256 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
257 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
258 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
259 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
260 nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
262 With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
263 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
264 taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@{Nth}' notation is
265 used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as
266 'commit@{now}', output also uses 'commit@{timestamp}' notation
267 instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
268 prefixed with this information on the same line.
272 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
273 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
277 Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
282 When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
283 only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
284 merges that do not touch the given paths.
286 Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
287 (still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
288 simplification nevertheless.
292 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
293 the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
295 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
296 $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
297 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
299 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
301 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
302 $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
303 $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
304 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
306 would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
307 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
308 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
313 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, but outputs text ready
314 to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the name of
315 the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
316 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is
317 tested to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be
318 tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`,
319 the expected number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev`
320 turns out to be bad to `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits
321 we are bisecting right now to `bisect_all`.
328 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
332 This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
333 descendant commits are shown before their parents).
337 This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
338 parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
339 are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
343 Output the commits in reverse order.
348 These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
352 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
353 commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
354 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
355 object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
359 Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
360 commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
361 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
362 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
363 excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
367 Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
371 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
376 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
380 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
381 and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
385 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite