6 git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
11 'git-checkout' [-q] [-f] [[--track | --no-track] -b <new_branch> [-l]] [-m] [<branch>]
12 'git-checkout' [<tree-ish>] <paths>...
17 When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by
18 updating the index and working tree to reflect the specified
19 branch, <branch>, and updating HEAD to be <branch> or, if
20 specified, <new_branch>. Using -b will cause <new_branch> to
21 be created; in this case you can use the --track or --no-track
22 options, which will be passed to `git branch`.
24 When <paths> are given, this command does *not* switch
25 branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
26 the index file (i.e. it runs `git-checkout-index -f -u`), or
27 from a named commit. In
28 this case, the `-f` and `-b` options are meaningless and giving
29 either of them results in an error. <tree-ish> argument can be
30 used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
31 to update the index for the given paths before updating the
38 Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
41 Proceed even if the index or the working tree differs
42 from HEAD. This is used to throw away local changes.
45 Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
46 <branch>. The new branch name must pass all checks defined
47 by linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
48 may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
51 When creating a new branch, set up configuration so that git-pull
52 will automatically retrieve data from the start point, which must be
53 a branch. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch
54 into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull
55 <repository> <refspec>" explicitly. This behavior is the default
56 when the start point is a remote branch. Set the
57 branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you want
58 git-checkout and git-branch to always behave as if '--no-track' were
59 given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
60 start-point is either a local or remote branch.
63 Ignore the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable.
66 Create the new branch's reflog. This activates recording of
67 all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
68 based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
71 If you have local modifications to one or more files that
72 are different between the current branch and the branch to
73 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
74 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
75 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
76 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
77 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
79 When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
80 paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
81 and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge
82 should result in deletion of the path).
85 Name for the new branch.
88 Branch to checkout; may be any object ID that resolves to a
89 commit. Defaults to HEAD.
91 When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object),
92 your HEAD becomes 'detached'.
98 It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is
99 not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
100 example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
104 $ git checkout v2.6.18
107 Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
108 create a temporary branch using `-b` option, but starting from
109 version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the
110 current branch and directly point at the commit named by the tag
111 (`v2.6.18` in the above example).
113 You can use usual git commands while in this state. You can use
114 `git-reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for
115 example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
116 a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using `git
119 The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
120 by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
121 What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
122 and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git
123 checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would
124 garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
125 the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.
135 . The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts
136 the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
137 mistake, and gets it back from the index.
140 $ git checkout master <1>
141 $ git checkout master~2 Makefile <2>
143 $ git checkout hello.c <3>
147 <2> take out a file out of other commit
148 <3> restore hello.c from HEAD of current branch
150 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
151 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
152 You should instead write:
155 $ git checkout -- hello.c
158 . After working in a wrong branch, switching to the correct
159 branch would be done using:
162 $ git checkout mytopic
165 However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
166 differ in files that you have locally modified, in which case,
167 the above checkout would fail like this:
170 $ git checkout mytopic
171 fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.
174 You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a
178 $ git checkout -m mytopic
182 After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
183 registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what
184 changes you made since the tip of the new branch.
186 . When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
187 the `-m` option, you would see something like this:
190 $ git checkout -m mytopic
192 merge: warning: conflicts during merge
193 ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
194 fatal: merge program failed
197 At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in
198 the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
199 files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
210 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
214 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
218 Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite