[PATCH] Warning fix for gcc 4
[git/mingw.git] / Documentation / git.txt
blobd18cf5ec16b69c82df04c2d65bfb4e0b28b98dc8
1 git(7)
2 ======
3 May 2005
5 NAME
6 ----
7 git - the stupid content tracker
10 SYNOPSIS
11 --------
12 'git-<command>' <args>
14 DESCRIPTION
15 -----------
17 This is reference information for the core git commands.
19 The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and
20 clarification info - read that first.  And of the commands, I suggest
21 reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and
22 link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had!
24 David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
25 08/05/05
27 Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
28 reflect recent changes.
30 Commands Overview
31 -----------------
32 The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
33 the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
34 interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
35 references between repositories.
37 There are also some ancilliary programs that can be viewed as useful
38 aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
39 SCMs layered over git.
41 Manipulation commands
42 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
43 link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]::
44         Copy files from the cache to the working directory
46 link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]::
47         Creates a new commit object
49 link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]::
50         Creates an empty git object database
52 link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]::
53         Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
55 link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]::
56         Creates a tag object
58 link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]::
59         Reads tree information into the directory cache
61 link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]::
62         Modifies the index or directory cache
64 link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]::
65         Computes the object ID from a file.
67 link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]::
68         Creates a tree from the current cache
70 Interrogation commands
71 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
72 link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]::
73         Provide content or type information for repository objects
75 link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]::
76         Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
78 link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]::
79         Compares files in the working tree and the cache
81 link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]::
82         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
84 link:git-export.html[git-export]::
85         Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
87 link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]::
88         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
90 link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]::
91         Information about files in the cache/working directory
93 link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]::
94         Displays a tree object in human readable form
96 link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]::
97         Runs a merge for files needing merging
99 link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]::
100         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
102 link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]::
103         Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
105 link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]::
106         Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
108 link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]::
109         Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
111 link:git-var.html[git-var]::
112         Displays a git logical variable
114 link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]::
115         Validates packed GIT archive files
117 The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
118 touch the working file set - but in general they don't
121 Synching repositories
122 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
124 link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]::
125         Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface)
127 link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
128         Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
129         for ssh and local transport)
131 link:git-fetch-script.html[git-fetch-script]::
132         Download from a remote repository via various protocols
133         (user interface).
135 link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]::
136         Fetch from and merge with a remote repository via
137         various protocols (user interface).
139 link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]::
140         Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
142 link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]::
143         Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
145 link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
146         Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
148 link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]::
149         Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
151 link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]::
152         Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
154 link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
155         Clones from a remote repository.
157 link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]::
158         Updates from a remote repository.
160 link:git-peek-remote.html[git-peek-remote]::
161         Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
163 link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]::
164         Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
165         what are asked for.
167 link:git-update-server-info.html[git-update-server-info]::
168         Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
169         clients discover references and packs on it.
172 Ancilliary Commands
173 -------------------
174 Manipulators:
176 link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]::
177         Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-*
179 link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]::
180         Converts old-style GIT repository
182 link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]::
183         The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache"
185 link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]::
186         Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
188 link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]::
189         Script used to merge two trees
191 link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
192         An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
195 Interogators:
197 link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
198         Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
200 link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
201         Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
205 Identifier Terminology
206 ----------------------
207 <object>::
208         Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
210 <blob>::
211         Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
213 <tree>::
214         Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
216 <commit>::
217         Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
219 <tree-ish>::
220         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier.  A
221         command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
222         operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
223         <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
225 <type>::
226         Indicates that an object type is required.
227         Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
229 <file>::
230         Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
231         the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
233 Symbolic Identifiers
234 --------------------
235 Any git comand accepting any <object> can also use the following
236 symbolic notation:
238 HEAD::
239         indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
240         `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
241 <tag>::
242         a valid tag 'name'+
243         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
244 <head>::
245         a valid head 'name'+
246         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
247 <snap>::
248         a valid snapshot 'name'+
249         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
252 File/Directory Structure
253 ------------------------
254 The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory:
256  .git/         The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR)
257    objects/    The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY)
258      ??/       'First 2 chars of object' directories.
259      pack/     Packed archives.
261    refs/       Directories containing symbolic names for objects
262                (each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline)
263      heads/    Commits which are heads of various sorts
264      tags/     Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it)
265      */        Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store
266                files similar to what are under refs/heads/.
267    HEAD        Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name>
269 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
270 GIT_DIR.
272 Terminology
273 -----------
274 Each line contains terms which you may see used interchangeably
276  object database, .git directory
277  directory cache, index
278  id, sha1, sha1-id, sha1 hash
279  type, tag
282 Environment Variables
283 ---------------------
284 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
286 The git Repository
287 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
288 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
289 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
290 git so take care if using Cogito etc
292 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
293         This environment allows the specification of an alternate
294         cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
295         `$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
297 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
298         If the object storage directory is specified via this
299         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
300         underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
301         directory is used.
303 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
304         Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
305         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
306         specifies a ":" seperated list of git object directories which
307         can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
308         written to these directories.
310 'GIT_DIR'::
311         If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
312         a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
313         repository.
315 git Commits
316 ~~~~~~~~~~~
317 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
318 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
319 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
320 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
321 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
322         see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]
324 git Diffs
325 ~~~~~~~~~
326 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
327 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
328         see the "generating patches" section in :
329         link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache];
330         link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files];
331         link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]
333 Discussion
334 ----------
335 include::../README[]
337 Author
338 ------
339 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
341 Documentation
342 --------------
343 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
347 Part of the link:git.html[git] suite