4 This directory holds the translations for the core of Git. This
5 document describes how to add to and maintain these translations, and
6 how to mark source strings for translation.
10 ----------------------
12 The po/git.pot file contains a message catalog extracted from Git's
13 sources. You need to generate it to add new translations with
14 msginit(1), or update existing ones with msgmerge(1).
16 Since the file can be automatically generated it's not checked into
17 git.git. To generate it do, at the top-level:
22 Initializing a .po file
23 -----------------------
25 To add a new translation first generate git.pot (see above) and then
26 in the po/ directory do:
30 Where XX is your locale, e.g. "is", "de" or "pt_BR".
32 Then edit the automatically generated copyright info in your new XX.po
33 to be correct, e.g. for Icelandic:
36 -# Icelandic translations for PACKAGE package.
37 -# Copyright (C) 2010 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
38 -# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
39 +# Icelandic translations for Git.
40 +# Copyright (C) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
41 +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
42 # Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>, 2010.
44 And change references to PACKAGE VERSION in the PO Header Entry to
47 perl -pi -e 's/(?<="Project-Id-Version: )PACKAGE VERSION/Git/' XX.po
53 If there's an existing *.po file for your language but you need to
54 update the translation you first need to generate git.pot (see above)
55 and then in the po/ directory do:
57 msgmerge --add-location --backup=off -U XX.po git.pot
59 Where XX.po is the file you want to update.
64 Before you submit your changes go back to the top-level and do:
68 On systems with GNU gettext (i.e. not Solaris) this will compile your
69 changed PO file with `msgfmt --check`, the --check option flags many
70 common errors, e.g. missing printf format strings, or translated
71 messages that deviate from the originals in whether they begin/end
72 with a newline or not.
75 Marking strings for translation
76 -------------------------------
78 Before strings can be translated they first have to be marked for
81 Git uses an internationalization interface that wraps the system's
82 gettext library, so most of the advice in your gettext documentation
83 (on GNU systems `info gettext` in a terminal) applies.
87 - Don't mark everything for translation, only strings which will be
88 read by humans (the porcelain interface) should be translated.
90 The output from Git's plumbing utilities will primarily be read by
91 programs and would break scripts under non-C locales if it was
92 translated. Plumbing strings should not be translated, since
93 they're part of Git's API.
95 - Adjust the strings so that they're easy to translate. Most of the
96 advice in `info '(gettext)Preparing Strings'` applies here.
98 - If something is unclear or ambiguous you can use a "TRANSLATORS"
99 comment to tell the translators what to make of it. These will be
100 extracted by xgettext(1) and put in the po/*.po files, e.g. from
103 # TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
104 # in your translation. The program will only accept English
105 # input at this point.
106 gettext "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
108 Or in C, from builtin/revert.c:
110 /* TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick" */
111 die(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"), action_name(opts));
113 We provide wrappers for C, Shell and Perl programs. Here's how they're
118 - Include builtin.h at the top, it'll pull in in gettext.h, which
119 defines the gettext interface. Consult with the list if you need to
120 use gettext.h directly.
122 - The C interface is a subset of the normal GNU gettext
123 interface. We currently export these functions:
127 Mark and translate a string. E.g.:
129 printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"), hex);
133 Mark and translate a plural string. E.g.:
135 printf(Q_("%d commit", "%d commits", number_of_commits));
137 This is just a wrapper for the ngettext() function.
141 A no-op pass-through macro for marking strings inside static
142 initializations, e.g.:
144 static const char *reset_type_names[] = {
145 N_("mixed"), N_("soft"), N_("hard"), N_("merge"), N_("keep"), NULL
150 die(_("%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"),
151 _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
153 Here _() couldn't have statically determined what the translation
154 string will be, but since it was already marked for translation
155 with N_() the look-up in the message catalog will succeed.
159 - The Git gettext shell interface is just a wrapper for
160 gettext.sh. Import it right after git-sh-setup like this:
165 And then use the gettext or eval_gettext functions:
167 # For constant interface messages:
168 gettext "A message for the user"; echo
170 # To interpolate variables:
172 eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
174 In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
175 newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
177 # For constant interface messages:
178 gettextln "A message for the user"
180 # To interpolate variables:
182 eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
184 More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
185 page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
186 command to be translated) for examples is also useful:
188 git log --reverse -p --grep=i18n git-am.sh
192 - The Git::I18N module provides a limited subset of the
193 Locale::Messages functionality, e.g.:
196 print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
197 printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
199 Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
202 Testing marked strings
203 ----------------------
205 Even if you've correctly marked porcelain strings for translation
206 something in the test suite might still depend on the US English
207 version of the strings, e.g. to grep some error message or other
210 To smoke out issues like these Git can be compiled with gettext poison
211 support, at the top-level:
213 make GETTEXT_POISON=YesPlease
215 That'll give you a git which emits gibberish on every call to
216 gettext. It's obviously not meant to be installed, but you should run
217 the test suite with it:
219 cd t && prove -j 9 ./t[0-9]*.sh
221 If tests break with it you should inspect them manually and see if
222 what you're translating is sane, i.e. that you're not translating
225 If not you should replace calls to grep with test_i18ngrep, or
226 test_cmp calls with test_i18ncmp. If that's not enough you can skip
227 the whole test by making it depend on the C_LOCALE_OUTPUT
228 prerequisite. See existing test files with this prerequisite for