6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
13 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
17 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
18 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
19 and full access to internals.
21 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
22 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
23 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
24 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
25 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] is still work in
26 progress, but when finished hopefully it will guide a new user
27 in a coherent way to git enlightenment ;-).
29 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
30 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
35 You are reading the documentation for the latest version of git.
36 Documentation for older releases are available here:
38 * link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.1]
40 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
42 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.7]
44 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.6]
46 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.5]
48 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.3]
50 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.2]
52 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.1]
54 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[release notes for 1.5.0]
56 * link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.4.4.4]
58 * link:v1.3.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.3.3]
60 * link:v1.2.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.2.6]
62 * link:v1.0.13/git.html[documentation for release 1.0.13]
71 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
74 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
75 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
76 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
77 given then all available commands are printed.
80 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
81 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
82 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
83 the current setting and then exit.
86 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
89 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
90 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
93 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
98 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
99 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
101 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
102 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
103 underlying git architecture.
105 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
111 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
112 ("plumbing") commands.
114 High-level commands (porcelain)
115 -------------------------------
117 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
118 ancillary user utilities.
120 Main porcelain commands
121 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
123 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
129 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
133 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
136 Interacting with Others
137 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
139 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
140 people via patch over e-mail.
142 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
145 Low-level commands (plumbing)
146 -----------------------------
148 Although git includes its
149 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
150 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
151 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
152 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
154 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
155 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
156 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
157 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
158 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
161 The following description divides
162 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
163 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
164 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
168 Manipulation commands
169 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
171 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
174 Interrogation commands
175 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
177 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
179 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
183 Synching repositories
184 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
186 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
188 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
189 typically do not use them directly.
191 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
194 Internal helper commands
195 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
197 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
198 users typically do not use them directly.
200 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
203 Configuration Mechanism
204 -----------------------
206 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
207 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
208 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
209 people. Here is an example:
213 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
218 ; Don't trust file modes
223 name = "Junio C Hamano"
224 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
228 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
229 their operation accordingly.
232 Identifier Terminology
233 ----------------------
235 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
238 Indicates a blob object name.
241 Indicates a tree object name.
244 Indicates a commit object name.
247 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
248 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
249 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
250 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
253 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
254 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
255 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
256 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
259 Indicates that an object type is required.
260 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
263 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
264 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
268 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
272 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
273 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
277 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
281 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
283 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
284 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
287 File/Directory Structure
288 ------------------------
290 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
292 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
294 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
300 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
303 Environment Variables
304 ---------------------
305 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
309 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
310 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
311 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
314 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
315 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
318 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
319 If the object storage directory is specified via this
320 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
321 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
324 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
325 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
326 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
327 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
328 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
329 written to these directories.
332 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
333 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
334 for the base of the repository.
341 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
342 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
343 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
348 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
349 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
350 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
351 value passed on the git diff command line.
353 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
354 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
355 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
356 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
357 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
359 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
363 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
364 contents of <old|new>,
365 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
366 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
369 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
370 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
371 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
372 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
373 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
375 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
381 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
384 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
385 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
386 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
387 execution and external command execution.
388 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
389 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
390 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
391 trace messages into this file descriptor.
392 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
393 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
394 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
397 Discussion[[Discussion]]
398 ------------------------
399 include::core-intro.txt[]
403 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
404 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
405 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
406 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
410 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
411 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
412 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
416 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite