6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.9.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.2]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
51 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
52 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
54 * link:v1.7.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.4]
57 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
58 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
59 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
60 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
63 * link:v1.7.7.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.6]
66 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
67 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
68 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
69 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
70 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
72 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
74 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
77 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
78 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
79 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
80 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
81 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
82 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
83 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
85 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
88 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
89 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
90 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
91 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
92 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
94 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
97 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
98 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
99 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
100 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
101 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
102 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
104 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
107 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
108 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
109 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
110 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
111 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
112 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
114 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
117 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
118 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
119 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
120 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
121 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
122 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
124 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
127 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
128 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
129 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
130 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
131 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
133 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
136 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
137 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
138 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
139 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
140 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
141 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
142 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
143 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
144 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
145 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
147 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
150 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
151 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
152 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
153 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
155 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
158 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
159 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
160 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
161 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
162 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
163 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
164 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
165 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
166 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
167 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
169 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
172 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
173 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
174 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
175 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
176 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
177 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
179 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
182 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
183 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
184 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
185 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
186 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
189 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
190 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
191 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
192 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
193 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
194 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
196 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
199 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
200 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
201 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
202 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
204 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
207 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
208 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
209 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
210 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
211 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
212 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
213 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
215 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
218 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
219 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
220 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
221 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
222 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
223 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
224 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
226 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
229 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
230 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
231 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
232 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
233 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
234 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
235 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
237 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
240 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
241 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
242 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
243 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
244 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
245 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
246 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
247 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
249 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
252 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
253 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
254 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
255 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
256 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
257 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
258 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
259 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
260 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
262 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
265 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
266 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
267 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
268 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
269 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
270 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
272 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
275 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
276 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
277 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
278 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
279 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
280 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
281 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
283 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
286 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
287 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
288 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
289 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
290 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
291 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
292 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
294 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
295 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
296 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
297 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
306 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
309 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
310 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
311 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
312 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
314 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
315 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
316 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
320 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
321 given will override values from configuration files.
322 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
323 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
325 --exec-path[=<path>]::
326 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
327 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
328 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
329 the current setting and then exit.
332 Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
333 documentation is installed and exit.
336 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
337 this version of git and exit.
340 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
341 version of git are installed and exit.
345 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
346 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
347 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
351 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
354 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
355 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
356 path or relative path to current working directory.
359 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
360 or a path relative to the current working directory.
361 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
362 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
363 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
364 more detailed discussion).
367 Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
368 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
372 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
373 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
376 --no-replace-objects::
377 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
378 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
381 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
382 ---------------------
384 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
385 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
387 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
388 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
389 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
391 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
393 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
396 The internals are documented in the
397 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
402 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
403 ("plumbing") commands.
405 High-level commands (porcelain)
406 -------------------------------
408 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
409 ancillary user utilities.
411 Main porcelain commands
412 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
414 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
420 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
424 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
427 Interacting with Others
428 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
430 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
431 people via patch over e-mail.
433 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
436 Low-level commands (plumbing)
437 -----------------------------
439 Although git includes its
440 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
441 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
442 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
443 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
445 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
446 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
447 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
448 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
449 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
452 The following description divides
453 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
454 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
455 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
459 Manipulation commands
460 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
462 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
465 Interrogation commands
466 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
468 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
470 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
474 Synching repositories
475 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
477 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
479 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
480 typically do not use them directly.
482 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
485 Internal helper commands
486 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
488 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
489 users typically do not use them directly.
491 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
494 Configuration Mechanism
495 -----------------------
497 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
498 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
499 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
500 people. Here is an example:
504 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
509 ; Don't trust file modes
514 name = "Junio C Hamano"
515 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
519 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
520 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
524 Identifier Terminology
525 ----------------------
527 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
530 Indicates a blob object name.
533 Indicates a tree object name.
536 Indicates a commit object name.
539 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
540 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
541 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
542 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
545 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
546 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
547 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
548 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
551 Indicates that an object type is required.
552 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
555 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
556 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
560 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
564 indicates the head of the current branch.
568 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
572 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
574 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
575 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
578 File/Directory Structure
579 ------------------------
581 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
583 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
585 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
591 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
594 Environment Variables
595 ---------------------
596 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
600 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
601 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
602 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
605 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
606 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
609 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
610 If the object storage directory is specified via this
611 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
612 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
615 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
616 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
617 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
618 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
619 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
620 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
623 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
624 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
625 for the base of the repository.
628 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
629 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
630 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
631 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
632 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
635 Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
636 The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
638 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
639 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
640 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
641 up into while looking for a repository directory.
642 It will not exclude the current working directory or
643 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
644 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
646 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
647 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
648 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
649 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
650 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
651 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
652 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
653 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
661 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
662 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
663 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
665 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
670 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
671 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
672 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
673 value passed on the git diff command line.
675 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
676 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
677 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
678 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
679 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
681 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
685 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
686 contents of <old|new>,
687 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
688 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
690 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
691 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
692 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
693 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
694 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
696 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
701 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
702 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
703 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
704 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
707 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
708 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
709 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
710 linkgit:git-config[1].
713 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
714 and 'git push' will use this command instead
715 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
716 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
717 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
718 shell command to execute on that remote system.
720 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
721 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
722 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
724 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
725 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
729 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
730 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
731 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
732 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
733 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
736 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
737 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
738 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
739 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
740 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
741 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
742 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
743 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
746 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
747 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
748 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
749 execution and external command execution.
750 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
751 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
752 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
753 trace messages into this file descriptor.
754 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
755 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
756 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
759 Discussion[[Discussion]]
760 ------------------------
762 More detail on the following is available from the
763 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
764 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
766 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
767 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
768 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
769 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
770 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
771 as tags and branch heads.
773 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
774 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
775 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
776 and some number of parent commits.
778 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
779 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
780 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
781 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
783 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
784 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
785 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
786 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
789 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
790 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
792 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
793 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
794 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
795 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
796 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
797 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
799 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
800 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
801 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
802 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
803 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
804 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
805 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
806 content stored in the index.
808 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
809 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
810 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
814 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
815 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
816 <git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
817 http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
818 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
819 the authors for specific parts of the project.
824 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
825 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
826 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
830 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
831 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
832 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
833 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
834 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
838 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite