6 git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
11 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
17 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
18 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
19 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
21 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
22 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
23 heads into the current branch.
24 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
26 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
27 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
28 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
29 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
30 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
31 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
33 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
34 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
35 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
37 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
41 A---B---C master on origin
46 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
47 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
48 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
49 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
50 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
53 A---B---C remotes/origin/master
55 D---E---F---G---H master
58 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
59 are presented and handled.
61 In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
62 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
63 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
64 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
66 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
67 the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
68 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
69 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
74 Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
75 must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
79 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
80 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
85 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
87 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
88 This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
89 be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
90 That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
91 commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
92 merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
93 has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
96 Options related to merging
97 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
99 include::merge-options.txt[]
104 Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
105 fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
106 the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
107 fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
110 See `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
111 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
112 `{litdd}rebase` instead of merging.
115 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
116 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
117 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
118 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
121 Override earlier --rebase.
123 Options related to fetching
124 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
126 include::fetch-options.txt[]
128 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
130 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
132 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
137 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
138 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
139 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
140 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
143 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
144 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
145 and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
146 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
148 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
149 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
150 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
151 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
152 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
153 file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
154 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
155 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
158 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
161 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
162 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
163 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
164 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
165 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
167 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
168 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
171 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
172 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
174 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
175 uses the refspec from the configuration or
176 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
179 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
180 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
181 remote site that is merged.
183 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
185 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
191 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
192 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
195 ------------------------------------------------
196 $ git pull, git pull origin
197 ------------------------------------------------
199 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
200 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
201 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
203 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
205 ------------------------------------------------
206 $ git pull origin next
207 ------------------------------------------------
209 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
210 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
211 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
213 ------------------------------------------------
215 $ git merge origin/next
216 ------------------------------------------------
219 If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
220 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
225 Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
226 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
227 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
228 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
229 having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
234 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
238 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite