6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
49 of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
50 'sendemail.multiedit'.
53 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
56 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
59 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
60 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
62 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
65 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
66 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
68 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
69 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
70 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
71 (or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
72 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
74 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
76 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
79 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
80 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
81 neither the command-line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
82 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
83 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
84 set, as returned by "git var -l".
86 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
87 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
88 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
89 provide a new patch series.
90 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
91 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
93 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
94 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
95 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
97 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
98 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
99 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
100 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
101 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
102 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
103 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
105 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
106 is not set, this will be prompted for.
109 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
110 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
111 is not set, this will be prompted for.
114 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
115 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
116 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
117 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
119 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
121 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
122 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
123 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
124 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
125 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
126 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
128 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
130 --compose-encoding=<encoding>::
131 Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
132 'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
134 --transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64)::
135 Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
136 7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message. quoted-printable
137 can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage
138 returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much
139 harder to inspect manually. base64 is even more fool proof, but also
140 even more opaque. Default is the value of the 'sendemail.transferEncoding'
141 configuration value; if that is unspecified, git will use 8bit and not
142 add a Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
146 Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header. By default,
147 the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the
148 `sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`.
153 --envelope-sender=<address>::
154 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
155 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
156 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
157 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
158 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
159 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
160 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
162 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
163 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
164 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
165 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
167 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
168 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
169 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
170 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
171 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
172 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
174 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
175 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
176 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
177 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
178 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
180 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
181 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
182 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
183 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
184 a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
186 --smtp-server=<host>::
187 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
188 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
189 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
190 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
191 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
192 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
193 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
194 `localhost` otherwise.
196 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
197 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
198 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
199 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
200 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
201 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
202 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
204 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
205 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
206 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
207 configuration option.
209 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
210 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
211 must be used for each option.
214 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
216 --smtp-ssl-cert-path::
217 Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
218 Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
219 Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath'
220 configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise.
223 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
224 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
225 then authentication is not attempted.
228 Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
229 commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
230 connection and authentication problems.
236 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
237 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
238 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
239 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
242 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
243 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
244 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
245 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
247 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
248 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
249 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
250 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
251 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
252 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
253 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
255 --identity=<identity>::
256 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
257 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
258 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
259 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
261 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
262 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
263 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
264 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
267 If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
268 the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
269 for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
270 configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
273 If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
274 the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
275 for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
276 configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
278 --suppress-cc=<category>::
279 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
283 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
284 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
285 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
286 except for self (use 'self' for that).
287 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
288 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
289 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
290 for self (use 'self' for that).
291 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
292 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
293 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
296 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
297 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
298 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
300 --[no-]suppress-from::
301 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
302 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
303 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
306 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
307 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
308 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
309 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
310 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
312 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
313 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
314 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
317 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
318 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
319 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
320 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
328 Confirm just before sending:
331 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
332 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
333 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
334 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
335 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
336 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
339 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
340 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
341 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
344 Do everything except actually send the emails.
346 --[no-]format-patch::
347 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
348 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
349 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
350 occurs, git send-email will fail.
353 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
357 Perform sanity checks on patches.
358 Currently, validation means the following:
361 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
362 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
365 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
366 default to '--validate'.
369 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
375 sendemail.aliasesfile::
376 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
377 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
379 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
380 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
381 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
383 sendemail.multiedit::
384 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
385 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
386 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
387 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
390 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
391 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
392 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
396 Use gmail as the smtp server
397 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
398 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
399 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
403 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
404 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
407 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
410 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
411 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
412 $ git send-email outgoing/*
414 Note: the following perl modules are required
415 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
419 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
423 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite