12 #include "streaming.h"
13 #include "thread-utils.h"
15 static const char index_pack_usage
[] =
16 "git index-pack [-v] [-o <index-file>] [--keep | --keep=<msg>] [--verify] [--strict] (<pack-file> | --stdin [--fix-thin] [<pack-file>])";
19 struct pack_idx_entry idx
;
21 unsigned int hdr_size
;
22 enum object_type type
;
23 enum object_type real_type
;
29 unsigned char sha1
[20];
34 struct base_data
*base
;
35 struct base_data
*child
;
36 struct object_entry
*obj
;
39 int ref_first
, ref_last
;
40 int ofs_first
, ofs_last
;
47 struct base_data
*base_cache
;
48 size_t base_cache_used
;
53 * Even if sizeof(union delta_base) == 24 on 64-bit archs, we really want
54 * to memcmp() only the first 20 bytes.
56 #define UNION_BASE_SZ 20
58 #define FLAG_LINK (1u<<20)
59 #define FLAG_CHECKED (1u<<21)
62 union delta_base base
;
66 static struct object_entry
*objects
;
67 static struct delta_entry
*deltas
;
68 static struct thread_local nothread_data
;
69 static int nr_objects
;
71 static int nr_resolved_deltas
;
72 static int nr_threads
;
74 static int from_stdin
;
76 static int do_fsck_object
;
79 static int check_self_contained_and_connected
;
81 static struct progress
*progress
;
83 /* We always read in 4kB chunks. */
84 static unsigned char input_buffer
[4096];
85 static unsigned int input_offset
, input_len
;
86 static off_t consumed_bytes
;
87 static unsigned deepest_delta
;
88 static git_SHA_CTX input_ctx
;
89 static uint32_t input_crc32
;
90 static int input_fd
, output_fd
;
91 static const char *curr_pack
;
95 static struct thread_local
*thread_data
;
96 static int nr_dispatched
;
97 static int threads_active
;
99 static pthread_mutex_t read_mutex
;
100 #define read_lock() lock_mutex(&read_mutex)
101 #define read_unlock() unlock_mutex(&read_mutex)
103 static pthread_mutex_t counter_mutex
;
104 #define counter_lock() lock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
105 #define counter_unlock() unlock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
107 static pthread_mutex_t work_mutex
;
108 #define work_lock() lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
109 #define work_unlock() unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
111 static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex
;
112 #define deepest_delta_lock() lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
113 #define deepest_delta_unlock() unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
115 static pthread_mutex_t type_cas_mutex
;
116 #define type_cas_lock() lock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
117 #define type_cas_unlock() unlock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
119 static pthread_key_t key
;
121 static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t
*mutex
)
124 pthread_mutex_lock(mutex
);
127 static inline void unlock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t
*mutex
)
130 pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex
);
134 * Mutex and conditional variable can't be statically-initialized on Windows.
136 static void init_thread(void)
139 init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex
);
140 pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex
, NULL
);
141 pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex
, NULL
);
142 pthread_mutex_init(&type_cas_mutex
, NULL
);
144 pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex
, NULL
);
145 pthread_key_create(&key
, NULL
);
146 thread_data
= xcalloc(nr_threads
, sizeof(*thread_data
));
147 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_threads
; i
++) {
148 thread_data
[i
].pack_fd
= open(curr_pack
, O_RDONLY
);
149 if (thread_data
[i
].pack_fd
== -1)
150 die_errno(_("unable to open %s"), curr_pack
);
156 static void cleanup_thread(void)
162 pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex
);
163 pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex
);
164 pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex
);
165 pthread_mutex_destroy(&type_cas_mutex
);
167 pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex
);
168 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_threads
; i
++)
169 close(thread_data
[i
].pack_fd
);
170 pthread_key_delete(key
);
177 #define read_unlock()
179 #define counter_lock()
180 #define counter_unlock()
183 #define work_unlock()
185 #define deepest_delta_lock()
186 #define deepest_delta_unlock()
188 #define type_cas_lock()
189 #define type_cas_unlock()
194 static int mark_link(struct object
*obj
, int type
, void *data
)
199 if (type
!= OBJ_ANY
&& obj
->type
!= type
)
200 die(_("object type mismatch at %s"), sha1_to_hex(obj
->sha1
));
202 obj
->flags
|= FLAG_LINK
;
206 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
207 or it must be already present in the object database */
208 static unsigned check_object(struct object
*obj
)
213 if (!(obj
->flags
& FLAG_LINK
))
216 if (!(obj
->flags
& FLAG_CHECKED
)) {
218 int type
= sha1_object_info(obj
->sha1
, &size
);
220 die(_("did not receive expected object %s"),
221 sha1_to_hex(obj
->sha1
));
222 if (type
!= obj
->type
)
223 die(_("object %s: expected type %s, found %s"),
224 sha1_to_hex(obj
->sha1
),
225 typename(obj
->type
), typename(type
));
226 obj
->flags
|= FLAG_CHECKED
;
233 static unsigned check_objects(void)
235 unsigned i
, max
, foreign_nr
= 0;
237 max
= get_max_object_index();
238 for (i
= 0; i
< max
; i
++)
239 foreign_nr
+= check_object(get_indexed_object(i
));
244 /* Discard current buffer used content. */
245 static void flush(void)
249 write_or_die(output_fd
, input_buffer
, input_offset
);
250 git_SHA1_Update(&input_ctx
, input_buffer
, input_offset
);
251 memmove(input_buffer
, input_buffer
+ input_offset
, input_len
);
257 * Make sure at least "min" bytes are available in the buffer, and
258 * return the pointer to the buffer.
260 static void *fill(int min
)
262 if (min
<= input_len
)
263 return input_buffer
+ input_offset
;
264 if (min
> sizeof(input_buffer
))
265 die(Q_("cannot fill %d byte",
266 "cannot fill %d bytes",
271 ssize_t ret
= xread(input_fd
, input_buffer
+ input_len
,
272 sizeof(input_buffer
) - input_len
);
276 die_errno(_("read error on input"));
280 display_throughput(progress
, consumed_bytes
+ input_len
);
281 } while (input_len
< min
);
285 static void use(int bytes
)
287 if (bytes
> input_len
)
288 die(_("used more bytes than were available"));
289 input_crc32
= crc32(input_crc32
, input_buffer
+ input_offset
, bytes
);
291 input_offset
+= bytes
;
293 /* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
294 if (signed_add_overflows(consumed_bytes
, bytes
))
295 die(_("pack too large for current definition of off_t"));
296 consumed_bytes
+= bytes
;
299 static const char *open_pack_file(const char *pack_name
)
304 static char tmp_file
[PATH_MAX
];
305 output_fd
= odb_mkstemp(tmp_file
, sizeof(tmp_file
),
306 "pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
307 pack_name
= xstrdup(tmp_file
);
309 output_fd
= open(pack_name
, O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_RDWR
, 0600);
311 die_errno(_("unable to create '%s'"), pack_name
);
312 nothread_data
.pack_fd
= output_fd
;
314 input_fd
= open(pack_name
, O_RDONLY
);
316 die_errno(_("cannot open packfile '%s'"), pack_name
);
318 nothread_data
.pack_fd
= input_fd
;
320 git_SHA1_Init(&input_ctx
);
324 static void parse_pack_header(void)
326 struct pack_header
*hdr
= fill(sizeof(struct pack_header
));
328 /* Header consistency check */
329 if (hdr
->hdr_signature
!= htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE
))
330 die(_("pack signature mismatch"));
331 if (!pack_version_ok(hdr
->hdr_version
))
332 die(_("pack version %"PRIu32
" unsupported"),
333 ntohl(hdr
->hdr_version
));
335 nr_objects
= ntohl(hdr
->hdr_entries
);
336 use(sizeof(struct pack_header
));
339 static NORETURN
void bad_object(unsigned long offset
, const char *format
,
340 ...) __attribute__((format (printf
, 2, 3)));
342 static NORETURN
void bad_object(unsigned long offset
, const char *format
, ...)
347 va_start(params
, format
);
348 vsnprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), format
, params
);
350 die(_("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"), offset
, buf
);
353 static inline struct thread_local
*get_thread_data(void)
357 return pthread_getspecific(key
);
358 assert(!threads_active
&&
359 "This should only be reached when all threads are gone");
361 return ¬hread_data
;
365 static void set_thread_data(struct thread_local
*data
)
368 pthread_setspecific(key
, data
);
372 static struct base_data
*alloc_base_data(void)
374 struct base_data
*base
= xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct base_data
));
380 static void free_base_data(struct base_data
*c
)
385 get_thread_data()->base_cache_used
-= c
->size
;
389 static void prune_base_data(struct base_data
*retain
)
392 struct thread_local
*data
= get_thread_data();
393 for (b
= data
->base_cache
;
394 data
->base_cache_used
> delta_base_cache_limit
&& b
;
396 if (b
->data
&& b
!= retain
)
401 static void link_base_data(struct base_data
*base
, struct base_data
*c
)
406 get_thread_data()->base_cache
= c
;
411 get_thread_data()->base_cache_used
+= c
->size
;
415 static void unlink_base_data(struct base_data
*c
)
417 struct base_data
*base
= c
->base
;
421 get_thread_data()->base_cache
= NULL
;
425 static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type
)
427 return (type
== OBJ_REF_DELTA
|| type
== OBJ_OFS_DELTA
);
430 static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset
, unsigned long size
,
431 enum object_type type
, unsigned char *sha1
)
433 static char fixed_buf
[8192];
441 if (!is_delta_type(type
)) {
442 hdrlen
= sprintf(hdr
, "%s %lu", typename(type
), size
) + 1;
444 git_SHA1_Update(&c
, hdr
, hdrlen
);
447 if (type
== OBJ_BLOB
&& size
> big_file_threshold
)
450 buf
= xmallocz(size
);
452 memset(&stream
, 0, sizeof(stream
));
453 git_inflate_init(&stream
);
454 stream
.next_out
= buf
;
455 stream
.avail_out
= buf
== fixed_buf
? sizeof(fixed_buf
) : size
;
458 unsigned char *last_out
= stream
.next_out
;
459 stream
.next_in
= fill(1);
460 stream
.avail_in
= input_len
;
461 status
= git_inflate(&stream
, 0);
462 use(input_len
- stream
.avail_in
);
464 git_SHA1_Update(&c
, last_out
, stream
.next_out
- last_out
);
465 if (buf
== fixed_buf
) {
466 stream
.next_out
= buf
;
467 stream
.avail_out
= sizeof(fixed_buf
);
469 } while (status
== Z_OK
);
470 if (stream
.total_out
!= size
|| status
!= Z_STREAM_END
)
471 bad_object(offset
, _("inflate returned %d"), status
);
472 git_inflate_end(&stream
);
474 git_SHA1_Final(sha1
, &c
);
475 return buf
== fixed_buf
? NULL
: buf
;
478 static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry
*obj
,
479 union delta_base
*delta_base
,
483 unsigned long size
, c
;
488 obj
->idx
.offset
= consumed_bytes
;
489 input_crc32
= crc32(0, NULL
, 0);
494 obj
->type
= (c
>> 4) & 7;
501 size
+= (c
& 0x7f) << shift
;
508 hashcpy(delta_base
->sha1
, fill(20));
512 memset(delta_base
, 0, sizeof(*delta_base
));
516 base_offset
= c
& 127;
519 if (!base_offset
|| MSB(base_offset
, 7))
520 bad_object(obj
->idx
.offset
, _("offset value overflow for delta base object"));
524 base_offset
= (base_offset
<< 7) + (c
& 127);
526 delta_base
->offset
= obj
->idx
.offset
- base_offset
;
527 if (delta_base
->offset
<= 0 || delta_base
->offset
>= obj
->idx
.offset
)
528 bad_object(obj
->idx
.offset
, _("delta base offset is out of bound"));
536 bad_object(obj
->idx
.offset
, _("unknown object type %d"), obj
->type
);
538 obj
->hdr_size
= consumed_bytes
- obj
->idx
.offset
;
540 data
= unpack_entry_data(obj
->idx
.offset
, obj
->size
, obj
->type
, sha1
);
541 obj
->idx
.crc32
= input_crc32
;
545 static void *unpack_data(struct object_entry
*obj
,
546 int (*consume
)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, void *),
549 off_t from
= obj
[0].idx
.offset
+ obj
[0].hdr_size
;
550 unsigned long len
= obj
[1].idx
.offset
- from
;
551 unsigned char *data
, *inbuf
;
555 data
= xmallocz(consume
? 64*1024 : obj
->size
);
556 inbuf
= xmalloc((len
< 64*1024) ? len
: 64*1024);
558 memset(&stream
, 0, sizeof(stream
));
559 git_inflate_init(&stream
);
560 stream
.next_out
= data
;
561 stream
.avail_out
= consume
? 64*1024 : obj
->size
;
564 ssize_t n
= (len
< 64*1024) ? len
: 64*1024;
565 n
= xpread(get_thread_data()->pack_fd
, inbuf
, n
, from
);
567 die_errno(_("cannot pread pack file"));
569 die(Q_("premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing",
570 "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing",
575 stream
.next_in
= inbuf
;
578 status
= git_inflate(&stream
, 0);
581 status
= git_inflate(&stream
, 0);
582 if (consume(data
, stream
.next_out
- data
, cb_data
)) {
587 stream
.next_out
= data
;
588 stream
.avail_out
= 64*1024;
589 } while (status
== Z_OK
&& stream
.avail_in
);
591 } while (len
&& status
== Z_OK
&& !stream
.avail_in
);
593 /* This has been inflated OK when first encountered, so... */
594 if (status
!= Z_STREAM_END
|| stream
.total_out
!= obj
->size
)
595 die(_("serious inflate inconsistency"));
597 git_inflate_end(&stream
);
606 static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry
*obj
)
608 return unpack_data(obj
, NULL
, NULL
);
611 static int compare_delta_bases(const union delta_base
*base1
,
612 const union delta_base
*base2
,
613 enum object_type type1
,
614 enum object_type type2
)
616 int cmp
= type1
- type2
;
619 return memcmp(base1
, base2
, UNION_BASE_SZ
);
622 static int find_delta(const union delta_base
*base
, enum object_type type
)
624 int first
= 0, last
= nr_deltas
;
626 while (first
< last
) {
627 int next
= (first
+ last
) / 2;
628 struct delta_entry
*delta
= &deltas
[next
];
631 cmp
= compare_delta_bases(base
, &delta
->base
,
632 type
, objects
[delta
->obj_no
].type
);
644 static void find_delta_children(const union delta_base
*base
,
645 int *first_index
, int *last_index
,
646 enum object_type type
)
648 int first
= find_delta(base
, type
);
650 int end
= nr_deltas
- 1;
657 while (first
> 0 && !memcmp(&deltas
[first
- 1].base
, base
, UNION_BASE_SZ
))
659 while (last
< end
&& !memcmp(&deltas
[last
+ 1].base
, base
, UNION_BASE_SZ
))
661 *first_index
= first
;
665 struct compare_data
{
666 struct object_entry
*entry
;
667 struct git_istream
*st
;
669 unsigned long buf_size
;
672 static int compare_objects(const unsigned char *buf
, unsigned long size
,
675 struct compare_data
*data
= cb_data
;
677 if (data
->buf_size
< size
) {
679 data
->buf
= xmalloc(size
);
680 data
->buf_size
= size
;
684 ssize_t len
= read_istream(data
->st
, data
->buf
, size
);
686 die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
687 sha1_to_hex(data
->entry
->idx
.sha1
));
689 die(_("unable to read %s"),
690 sha1_to_hex(data
->entry
->idx
.sha1
));
691 if (memcmp(buf
, data
->buf
, len
))
692 die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
693 sha1_to_hex(data
->entry
->idx
.sha1
));
700 static int check_collison(struct object_entry
*entry
)
702 struct compare_data data
;
703 enum object_type type
;
706 if (entry
->size
<= big_file_threshold
|| entry
->type
!= OBJ_BLOB
)
709 memset(&data
, 0, sizeof(data
));
711 data
.st
= open_istream(entry
->idx
.sha1
, &type
, &size
, NULL
);
714 if (size
!= entry
->size
|| type
!= entry
->type
)
715 die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
716 sha1_to_hex(entry
->idx
.sha1
));
717 unpack_data(entry
, compare_objects
, &data
);
718 close_istream(data
.st
);
723 static void sha1_object(const void *data
, struct object_entry
*obj_entry
,
724 unsigned long size
, enum object_type type
,
725 const unsigned char *sha1
)
727 void *new_data
= NULL
;
728 int collision_test_needed
;
730 assert(data
|| obj_entry
);
733 collision_test_needed
= has_sha1_file(sha1
);
736 if (collision_test_needed
&& !data
) {
738 if (!check_collison(obj_entry
))
739 collision_test_needed
= 0;
742 if (collision_test_needed
) {
744 enum object_type has_type
;
745 unsigned long has_size
;
747 has_type
= sha1_object_info(sha1
, &has_size
);
748 if (has_type
!= type
|| has_size
!= size
)
749 die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
750 has_data
= read_sha1_file(sha1
, &has_type
, &has_size
);
753 data
= new_data
= get_data_from_pack(obj_entry
);
755 die(_("cannot read existing object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
756 if (size
!= has_size
|| type
!= has_type
||
757 memcmp(data
, has_data
, size
) != 0)
758 die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
764 if (type
== OBJ_BLOB
) {
765 struct blob
*blob
= lookup_blob(sha1
);
767 blob
->object
.flags
|= FLAG_CHECKED
;
769 die(_("invalid blob object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
773 void *buf
= (void *) data
;
775 assert(data
&& "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
778 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
779 * buf is deleted by the caller.
781 obj
= parse_object_buffer(sha1
, type
, size
, buf
, &eaten
);
783 die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type
));
784 if (do_fsck_object
&&
785 fsck_object(obj
, buf
, size
, 1,
786 fsck_error_function
))
787 die(_("Error in object"));
788 if (fsck_walk(obj
, mark_link
, NULL
))
789 die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), sha1_to_hex(obj
->sha1
));
791 if (obj
->type
== OBJ_TREE
) {
792 struct tree
*item
= (struct tree
*) obj
;
796 if (obj
->type
== OBJ_COMMIT
) {
797 struct commit
*commit
= (struct commit
*) obj
;
798 if (detach_commit_buffer(commit
, NULL
) != data
)
799 die("BUG: parse_object_buffer transmogrified our buffer");
801 obj
->flags
|= FLAG_CHECKED
;
810 * This function is part of find_unresolved_deltas(). There are two
811 * walkers going in the opposite ways.
813 * The first one in find_unresolved_deltas() traverses down from
814 * parent node to children, deflating nodes along the way. However,
815 * memory for deflated nodes is limited by delta_base_cache_limit, so
816 * at some point parent node's deflated content may be freed.
818 * The second walker is this function, which goes from current node up
819 * to top parent if necessary to deflate the node. In normal
820 * situation, its parent node would be already deflated, so it just
821 * needs to apply delta.
823 * In the worst case scenario, parent node is no longer deflated because
824 * we're running out of delta_base_cache_limit; we need to re-deflate
825 * parents, possibly up to the top base.
827 * All deflated objects here are subject to be freed if we exceed
828 * delta_base_cache_limit, just like in find_unresolved_deltas(), we
829 * just need to make sure the last node is not freed.
831 static void *get_base_data(struct base_data
*c
)
834 struct object_entry
*obj
= c
->obj
;
835 struct base_data
**delta
= NULL
;
836 int delta_nr
= 0, delta_alloc
= 0;
838 while (is_delta_type(c
->obj
->type
) && !c
->data
) {
839 ALLOC_GROW(delta
, delta_nr
+ 1, delta_alloc
);
840 delta
[delta_nr
++] = c
;
844 c
->data
= get_data_from_pack(obj
);
846 get_thread_data()->base_cache_used
+= c
->size
;
849 for (; delta_nr
> 0; delta_nr
--) {
851 c
= delta
[delta_nr
- 1];
853 base
= get_base_data(c
->base
);
854 raw
= get_data_from_pack(obj
);
855 c
->data
= patch_delta(
861 bad_object(obj
->idx
.offset
, _("failed to apply delta"));
862 get_thread_data()->base_cache_used
+= c
->size
;
870 static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry
*delta_obj
,
871 struct base_data
*base
, struct base_data
*result
)
873 void *base_data
, *delta_data
;
876 delta_obj
->delta_depth
= base
->obj
->delta_depth
+ 1;
877 deepest_delta_lock();
878 if (deepest_delta
< delta_obj
->delta_depth
)
879 deepest_delta
= delta_obj
->delta_depth
;
880 deepest_delta_unlock();
882 delta_obj
->base_object_no
= base
->obj
- objects
;
883 delta_data
= get_data_from_pack(delta_obj
);
884 base_data
= get_base_data(base
);
885 result
->obj
= delta_obj
;
886 result
->data
= patch_delta(base_data
, base
->size
,
887 delta_data
, delta_obj
->size
, &result
->size
);
890 bad_object(delta_obj
->idx
.offset
, _("failed to apply delta"));
891 hash_sha1_file(result
->data
, result
->size
,
892 typename(delta_obj
->real_type
), delta_obj
->idx
.sha1
);
893 sha1_object(result
->data
, NULL
, result
->size
, delta_obj
->real_type
,
894 delta_obj
->idx
.sha1
);
896 nr_resolved_deltas
++;
901 * Standard boolean compare-and-swap: atomically check whether "*type" is
902 * "want"; if so, swap in "set" and return true. Otherwise, leave it untouched
905 static int compare_and_swap_type(enum object_type
*type
,
906 enum object_type want
,
907 enum object_type set
)
909 enum object_type old
;
920 static struct base_data
*find_unresolved_deltas_1(struct base_data
*base
,
921 struct base_data
*prev_base
)
923 if (base
->ref_last
== -1 && base
->ofs_last
== -1) {
924 union delta_base base_spec
;
926 hashcpy(base_spec
.sha1
, base
->obj
->idx
.sha1
);
927 find_delta_children(&base_spec
,
928 &base
->ref_first
, &base
->ref_last
, OBJ_REF_DELTA
);
930 memset(&base_spec
, 0, sizeof(base_spec
));
931 base_spec
.offset
= base
->obj
->idx
.offset
;
932 find_delta_children(&base_spec
,
933 &base
->ofs_first
, &base
->ofs_last
, OBJ_OFS_DELTA
);
935 if (base
->ref_last
== -1 && base
->ofs_last
== -1) {
940 link_base_data(prev_base
, base
);
943 if (base
->ref_first
<= base
->ref_last
) {
944 struct object_entry
*child
= objects
+ deltas
[base
->ref_first
].obj_no
;
945 struct base_data
*result
= alloc_base_data();
947 if (!compare_and_swap_type(&child
->real_type
, OBJ_REF_DELTA
,
948 base
->obj
->real_type
))
949 die("BUG: child->real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA");
951 resolve_delta(child
, base
, result
);
952 if (base
->ref_first
== base
->ref_last
&& base
->ofs_last
== -1)
953 free_base_data(base
);
959 if (base
->ofs_first
<= base
->ofs_last
) {
960 struct object_entry
*child
= objects
+ deltas
[base
->ofs_first
].obj_no
;
961 struct base_data
*result
= alloc_base_data();
963 assert(child
->real_type
== OBJ_OFS_DELTA
);
964 child
->real_type
= base
->obj
->real_type
;
965 resolve_delta(child
, base
, result
);
966 if (base
->ofs_first
== base
->ofs_last
)
967 free_base_data(base
);
973 unlink_base_data(base
);
977 static void find_unresolved_deltas(struct base_data
*base
)
979 struct base_data
*new_base
, *prev_base
= NULL
;
981 new_base
= find_unresolved_deltas_1(base
, prev_base
);
991 prev_base
= base
->base
;
996 static int compare_delta_entry(const void *a
, const void *b
)
998 const struct delta_entry
*delta_a
= a
;
999 const struct delta_entry
*delta_b
= b
;
1001 /* group by type (ref vs ofs) and then by value (sha-1 or offset) */
1002 return compare_delta_bases(&delta_a
->base
, &delta_b
->base
,
1003 objects
[delta_a
->obj_no
].type
,
1004 objects
[delta_b
->obj_no
].type
);
1007 static void resolve_base(struct object_entry
*obj
)
1009 struct base_data
*base_obj
= alloc_base_data();
1010 base_obj
->obj
= obj
;
1011 base_obj
->data
= NULL
;
1012 find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj
);
1016 static void *threaded_second_pass(void *data
)
1018 set_thread_data(data
);
1022 display_progress(progress
, nr_resolved_deltas
);
1025 while (nr_dispatched
< nr_objects
&&
1026 is_delta_type(objects
[nr_dispatched
].type
))
1028 if (nr_dispatched
>= nr_objects
) {
1032 i
= nr_dispatched
++;
1035 resolve_base(&objects
[i
]);
1043 * - find locations of all objects;
1044 * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
1045 * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
1047 static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1
)
1049 int i
, nr_delays
= 0;
1050 struct delta_entry
*delta
= deltas
;
1054 progress
= start_progress(
1055 from_stdin
? _("Receiving objects") : _("Indexing objects"),
1057 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_objects
; i
++) {
1058 struct object_entry
*obj
= &objects
[i
];
1059 void *data
= unpack_raw_entry(obj
, &delta
->base
, obj
->idx
.sha1
);
1060 obj
->real_type
= obj
->type
;
1061 if (is_delta_type(obj
->type
)) {
1066 /* large blobs, check later */
1067 obj
->real_type
= OBJ_BAD
;
1070 sha1_object(data
, NULL
, obj
->size
, obj
->type
, obj
->idx
.sha1
);
1072 display_progress(progress
, i
+1);
1074 objects
[i
].idx
.offset
= consumed_bytes
;
1075 stop_progress(&progress
);
1077 /* Check pack integrity */
1079 git_SHA1_Final(sha1
, &input_ctx
);
1080 if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1
))
1081 die(_("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"));
1084 /* If input_fd is a file, we should have reached its end now. */
1085 if (fstat(input_fd
, &st
))
1086 die_errno(_("cannot fstat packfile"));
1087 if (S_ISREG(st
.st_mode
) &&
1088 lseek(input_fd
, 0, SEEK_CUR
) - input_len
!= st
.st_size
)
1089 die(_("pack has junk at the end"));
1091 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_objects
; i
++) {
1092 struct object_entry
*obj
= &objects
[i
];
1093 if (obj
->real_type
!= OBJ_BAD
)
1095 obj
->real_type
= obj
->type
;
1096 sha1_object(NULL
, obj
, obj
->size
, obj
->type
, obj
->idx
.sha1
);
1100 die(_("confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"));
1105 * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
1107 * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
1108 * recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
1109 * for some more deltas.
1111 static void resolve_deltas(void)
1118 /* Sort deltas by base SHA1/offset for fast searching */
1119 qsort(deltas
, nr_deltas
, sizeof(struct delta_entry
),
1120 compare_delta_entry
);
1123 progress
= start_progress(_("Resolving deltas"), nr_deltas
);
1127 if (nr_threads
> 1 || getenv("GIT_FORCE_THREADS")) {
1129 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_threads
; i
++) {
1130 int ret
= pthread_create(&thread_data
[i
].thread
, NULL
,
1131 threaded_second_pass
, thread_data
+ i
);
1133 die(_("unable to create thread: %s"),
1136 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_threads
; i
++)
1137 pthread_join(thread_data
[i
].thread
, NULL
);
1143 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_objects
; i
++) {
1144 struct object_entry
*obj
= &objects
[i
];
1146 if (is_delta_type(obj
->type
))
1149 display_progress(progress
, nr_resolved_deltas
);
1155 * - append objects to convert thin pack to full pack if required
1156 * - write the final 20-byte SHA-1
1158 static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file
*f
, int nr_unresolved
);
1159 static void conclude_pack(int fix_thin_pack
, const char *curr_pack
, unsigned char *pack_sha1
)
1161 if (nr_deltas
== nr_resolved_deltas
) {
1162 stop_progress(&progress
);
1163 /* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
1168 if (fix_thin_pack
) {
1170 unsigned char read_sha1
[20], tail_sha1
[20];
1171 struct strbuf msg
= STRBUF_INIT
;
1172 int nr_unresolved
= nr_deltas
- nr_resolved_deltas
;
1173 int nr_objects_initial
= nr_objects
;
1174 if (nr_unresolved
<= 0)
1175 die(_("confusion beyond insanity"));
1176 REALLOC_ARRAY(objects
, nr_objects
+ nr_unresolved
+ 1);
1177 memset(objects
+ nr_objects
+ 1, 0,
1178 nr_unresolved
* sizeof(*objects
));
1179 f
= sha1fd(output_fd
, curr_pack
);
1180 fix_unresolved_deltas(f
, nr_unresolved
);
1181 strbuf_addf(&msg
, _("completed with %d local objects"),
1182 nr_objects
- nr_objects_initial
);
1183 stop_progress_msg(&progress
, msg
.buf
);
1184 strbuf_release(&msg
);
1185 sha1close(f
, tail_sha1
, 0);
1186 hashcpy(read_sha1
, pack_sha1
);
1187 fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd
, pack_sha1
,
1188 curr_pack
, nr_objects
,
1189 read_sha1
, consumed_bytes
-20);
1190 if (hashcmp(read_sha1
, tail_sha1
) != 0)
1191 die(_("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
1192 "(disk corruption?)"), curr_pack
);
1194 if (nr_deltas
!= nr_resolved_deltas
)
1195 die(Q_("pack has %d unresolved delta",
1196 "pack has %d unresolved deltas",
1197 nr_deltas
- nr_resolved_deltas
),
1198 nr_deltas
- nr_resolved_deltas
);
1201 static int write_compressed(struct sha1file
*f
, void *in
, unsigned int size
)
1205 unsigned char outbuf
[4096];
1207 git_deflate_init(&stream
, zlib_compression_level
);
1208 stream
.next_in
= in
;
1209 stream
.avail_in
= size
;
1212 stream
.next_out
= outbuf
;
1213 stream
.avail_out
= sizeof(outbuf
);
1214 status
= git_deflate(&stream
, Z_FINISH
);
1215 sha1write(f
, outbuf
, sizeof(outbuf
) - stream
.avail_out
);
1216 } while (status
== Z_OK
);
1218 if (status
!= Z_STREAM_END
)
1219 die(_("unable to deflate appended object (%d)"), status
);
1220 size
= stream
.total_out
;
1221 git_deflate_end(&stream
);
1225 static struct object_entry
*append_obj_to_pack(struct sha1file
*f
,
1226 const unsigned char *sha1
, void *buf
,
1227 unsigned long size
, enum object_type type
)
1229 struct object_entry
*obj
= &objects
[nr_objects
++];
1230 unsigned char header
[10];
1231 unsigned long s
= size
;
1233 unsigned char c
= (type
<< 4) | (s
& 15);
1236 header
[n
++] = c
| 0x80;
1242 sha1write(f
, header
, n
);
1244 obj
[0].hdr_size
= n
;
1246 obj
[0].real_type
= type
;
1247 obj
[1].idx
.offset
= obj
[0].idx
.offset
+ n
;
1248 obj
[1].idx
.offset
+= write_compressed(f
, buf
, size
);
1249 obj
[0].idx
.crc32
= crc32_end(f
);
1251 hashcpy(obj
->idx
.sha1
, sha1
);
1255 static int delta_pos_compare(const void *_a
, const void *_b
)
1257 struct delta_entry
*a
= *(struct delta_entry
**)_a
;
1258 struct delta_entry
*b
= *(struct delta_entry
**)_b
;
1259 return a
->obj_no
- b
->obj_no
;
1262 static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file
*f
, int nr_unresolved
)
1264 struct delta_entry
**sorted_by_pos
;
1268 * Since many unresolved deltas may well be themselves base objects
1269 * for more unresolved deltas, we really want to include the
1270 * smallest number of base objects that would cover as much delta
1271 * as possible by picking the
1272 * trunc deltas first, allowing for other deltas to resolve without
1273 * additional base objects. Since most base objects are to be found
1274 * before deltas depending on them, a good heuristic is to start
1275 * resolving deltas in the same order as their position in the pack.
1277 sorted_by_pos
= xmalloc(nr_unresolved
* sizeof(*sorted_by_pos
));
1278 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_deltas
; i
++) {
1279 if (objects
[deltas
[i
].obj_no
].real_type
!= OBJ_REF_DELTA
)
1281 sorted_by_pos
[n
++] = &deltas
[i
];
1283 qsort(sorted_by_pos
, n
, sizeof(*sorted_by_pos
), delta_pos_compare
);
1285 for (i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++) {
1286 struct delta_entry
*d
= sorted_by_pos
[i
];
1287 enum object_type type
;
1288 struct base_data
*base_obj
= alloc_base_data();
1290 if (objects
[d
->obj_no
].real_type
!= OBJ_REF_DELTA
)
1292 base_obj
->data
= read_sha1_file(d
->base
.sha1
, &type
, &base_obj
->size
);
1293 if (!base_obj
->data
)
1296 if (check_sha1_signature(d
->base
.sha1
, base_obj
->data
,
1297 base_obj
->size
, typename(type
)))
1298 die(_("local object %s is corrupt"), sha1_to_hex(d
->base
.sha1
));
1299 base_obj
->obj
= append_obj_to_pack(f
, d
->base
.sha1
,
1300 base_obj
->data
, base_obj
->size
, type
);
1301 find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj
);
1302 display_progress(progress
, nr_resolved_deltas
);
1304 free(sorted_by_pos
);
1307 static void final(const char *final_pack_name
, const char *curr_pack_name
,
1308 const char *final_index_name
, const char *curr_index_name
,
1309 const char *keep_name
, const char *keep_msg
,
1310 unsigned char *sha1
)
1312 const char *report
= "pack";
1313 char name
[PATH_MAX
];
1319 fsync_or_die(output_fd
, curr_pack_name
);
1320 err
= close(output_fd
);
1322 die_errno(_("error while closing pack file"));
1326 int keep_fd
, keep_msg_len
= strlen(keep_msg
);
1329 keep_fd
= odb_pack_keep(name
, sizeof(name
), sha1
);
1331 keep_fd
= open(keep_name
, O_RDWR
|O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
, 0600);
1334 if (errno
!= EEXIST
)
1335 die_errno(_("cannot write keep file '%s'"),
1336 keep_name
? keep_name
: name
);
1338 if (keep_msg_len
> 0) {
1339 write_or_die(keep_fd
, keep_msg
, keep_msg_len
);
1340 write_or_die(keep_fd
, "\n", 1);
1342 if (close(keep_fd
) != 0)
1343 die_errno(_("cannot close written keep file '%s'"),
1344 keep_name
? keep_name
: name
);
1349 if (final_pack_name
!= curr_pack_name
) {
1350 if (!final_pack_name
) {
1351 snprintf(name
, sizeof(name
), "%s/pack/pack-%s.pack",
1352 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
1353 final_pack_name
= name
;
1355 if (move_temp_to_file(curr_pack_name
, final_pack_name
))
1356 die(_("cannot store pack file"));
1357 } else if (from_stdin
)
1358 chmod(final_pack_name
, 0444);
1360 if (final_index_name
!= curr_index_name
) {
1361 if (!final_index_name
) {
1362 snprintf(name
, sizeof(name
), "%s/pack/pack-%s.idx",
1363 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
1364 final_index_name
= name
;
1366 if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name
, final_index_name
))
1367 die(_("cannot store index file"));
1369 chmod(final_index_name
, 0444);
1372 printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
1375 int len
= snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s\t%s\n",
1376 report
, sha1_to_hex(sha1
));
1377 write_or_die(1, buf
, len
);
1380 * Let's just mimic git-unpack-objects here and write
1381 * the last part of the input buffer to stdout.
1384 err
= xwrite(1, input_buffer
+ input_offset
, input_len
);
1388 input_offset
+= err
;
1393 static int git_index_pack_config(const char *k
, const char *v
, void *cb
)
1395 struct pack_idx_option
*opts
= cb
;
1397 if (!strcmp(k
, "pack.indexversion")) {
1398 opts
->version
= git_config_int(k
, v
);
1399 if (opts
->version
> 2)
1400 die(_("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32
), opts
->version
);
1403 if (!strcmp(k
, "pack.threads")) {
1404 nr_threads
= git_config_int(k
, v
);
1406 die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
1409 if (nr_threads
!= 1)
1410 warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k
);
1415 return git_default_config(k
, v
, cb
);
1418 static int cmp_uint32(const void *a_
, const void *b_
)
1420 uint32_t a
= *((uint32_t *)a_
);
1421 uint32_t b
= *((uint32_t *)b_
);
1423 return (a
< b
) ? -1 : (a
!= b
);
1426 static void read_v2_anomalous_offsets(struct packed_git
*p
,
1427 struct pack_idx_option
*opts
)
1429 const uint32_t *idx1
, *idx2
;
1432 /* The address of the 4-byte offset table */
1433 idx1
= (((const uint32_t *)p
->index_data
)
1434 + 2 /* 8-byte header */
1436 + 5 * p
->num_objects
/* 20-byte SHA-1 table */
1437 + p
->num_objects
/* CRC32 table */
1440 /* The address of the 8-byte offset table */
1441 idx2
= idx1
+ p
->num_objects
;
1443 for (i
= 0; i
< p
->num_objects
; i
++) {
1444 uint32_t off
= ntohl(idx1
[i
]);
1445 if (!(off
& 0x80000000))
1447 off
= off
& 0x7fffffff;
1451 * The real offset is ntohl(idx2[off * 2]) in high 4
1452 * octets, and ntohl(idx2[off * 2 + 1]) in low 4
1453 * octets. But idx2[off * 2] is Zero!!!
1455 ALLOC_GROW(opts
->anomaly
, opts
->anomaly_nr
+ 1, opts
->anomaly_alloc
);
1456 opts
->anomaly
[opts
->anomaly_nr
++] = ntohl(idx2
[off
* 2 + 1]);
1459 if (1 < opts
->anomaly_nr
)
1460 qsort(opts
->anomaly
, opts
->anomaly_nr
, sizeof(uint32_t), cmp_uint32
);
1463 static void read_idx_option(struct pack_idx_option
*opts
, const char *pack_name
)
1465 struct packed_git
*p
= add_packed_git(pack_name
, strlen(pack_name
), 1);
1468 die(_("Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"), pack_name
);
1469 if (open_pack_index(p
))
1470 die(_("Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"), pack_name
);
1472 /* Read the attributes from the existing idx file */
1473 opts
->version
= p
->index_version
;
1475 if (opts
->version
== 2)
1476 read_v2_anomalous_offsets(p
, opts
);
1479 * Get rid of the idx file as we do not need it anymore.
1480 * NEEDSWORK: extract this bit from free_pack_by_name() in
1481 * sha1_file.c, perhaps? It shouldn't matter very much as we
1482 * know we haven't installed this pack (hence we never have
1483 * read anything from it).
1485 close_pack_index(p
);
1489 static void show_pack_info(int stat_only
)
1491 int i
, baseobjects
= nr_objects
- nr_deltas
;
1492 unsigned long *chain_histogram
= NULL
;
1495 chain_histogram
= xcalloc(deepest_delta
, sizeof(unsigned long));
1497 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_objects
; i
++) {
1498 struct object_entry
*obj
= &objects
[i
];
1500 if (is_delta_type(obj
->type
))
1501 chain_histogram
[obj
->delta_depth
- 1]++;
1504 printf("%s %-6s %lu %lu %"PRIuMAX
,
1505 sha1_to_hex(obj
->idx
.sha1
),
1506 typename(obj
->real_type
), obj
->size
,
1507 (unsigned long)(obj
[1].idx
.offset
- obj
->idx
.offset
),
1508 (uintmax_t)obj
->idx
.offset
);
1509 if (is_delta_type(obj
->type
)) {
1510 struct object_entry
*bobj
= &objects
[obj
->base_object_no
];
1511 printf(" %u %s", obj
->delta_depth
, sha1_to_hex(bobj
->idx
.sha1
));
1517 printf_ln(Q_("non delta: %d object",
1518 "non delta: %d objects",
1521 for (i
= 0; i
< deepest_delta
; i
++) {
1522 if (!chain_histogram
[i
])
1524 printf_ln(Q_("chain length = %d: %lu object",
1525 "chain length = %d: %lu objects",
1526 chain_histogram
[i
]),
1528 chain_histogram
[i
]);
1532 int cmd_index_pack(int argc
, const char **argv
, const char *prefix
)
1534 int i
, fix_thin_pack
= 0, verify
= 0, stat_only
= 0;
1535 const char *curr_index
;
1536 const char *index_name
= NULL
, *pack_name
= NULL
;
1537 const char *keep_name
= NULL
, *keep_msg
= NULL
;
1538 struct strbuf index_name_buf
= STRBUF_INIT
,
1539 keep_name_buf
= STRBUF_INIT
;
1540 struct pack_idx_entry
**idx_objects
;
1541 struct pack_idx_option opts
;
1542 unsigned char pack_sha1
[20];
1543 unsigned foreign_nr
= 1; /* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
1545 if (argc
== 2 && !strcmp(argv
[1], "-h"))
1546 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1548 check_replace_refs
= 0;
1550 reset_pack_idx_option(&opts
);
1551 git_config(git_index_pack_config
, &opts
);
1552 if (prefix
&& chdir(prefix
))
1553 die(_("Cannot come back to cwd"));
1555 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++) {
1556 const char *arg
= argv
[i
];
1559 if (!strcmp(arg
, "--stdin")) {
1561 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--fix-thin")) {
1563 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--strict")) {
1566 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
1568 check_self_contained_and_connected
= 1;
1569 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--verify")) {
1571 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--verify-stat")) {
1574 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--verify-stat-only")) {
1578 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "--keep")) {
1580 } else if (starts_with(arg
, "--keep=")) {
1582 } else if (starts_with(arg
, "--threads=")) {
1584 nr_threads
= strtoul(arg
+10, &end
, 0);
1585 if (!arg
[10] || *end
|| nr_threads
< 0)
1586 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1588 if (nr_threads
!= 1)
1589 warning(_("no threads support, "
1590 "ignoring %s"), arg
);
1593 } else if (starts_with(arg
, "--pack_header=")) {
1594 struct pack_header
*hdr
;
1597 hdr
= (struct pack_header
*)input_buffer
;
1598 hdr
->hdr_signature
= htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE
);
1599 hdr
->hdr_version
= htonl(strtoul(arg
+ 14, &c
, 10));
1601 die(_("bad %s"), arg
);
1602 hdr
->hdr_entries
= htonl(strtoul(c
+ 1, &c
, 10));
1604 die(_("bad %s"), arg
);
1605 input_len
= sizeof(*hdr
);
1606 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "-v")) {
1608 } else if (!strcmp(arg
, "-o")) {
1609 if (index_name
|| (i
+1) >= argc
)
1610 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1611 index_name
= argv
[++i
];
1612 } else if (starts_with(arg
, "--index-version=")) {
1614 opts
.version
= strtoul(arg
+ 16, &c
, 10);
1615 if (opts
.version
> 2)
1616 die(_("bad %s"), arg
);
1618 opts
.off32_limit
= strtoul(c
+1, &c
, 0);
1619 if (*c
|| opts
.off32_limit
& 0x80000000)
1620 die(_("bad %s"), arg
);
1622 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1627 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1631 if (!pack_name
&& !from_stdin
)
1632 usage(index_pack_usage
);
1633 if (fix_thin_pack
&& !from_stdin
)
1634 die(_("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"));
1635 if (!index_name
&& pack_name
) {
1637 if (!strip_suffix(pack_name
, ".pack", &len
))
1638 die(_("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"),
1640 strbuf_add(&index_name_buf
, pack_name
, len
);
1641 strbuf_addstr(&index_name_buf
, ".idx");
1642 index_name
= index_name_buf
.buf
;
1644 if (keep_msg
&& !keep_name
&& pack_name
) {
1646 if (!strip_suffix(pack_name
, ".pack", &len
))
1647 die(_("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"),
1649 strbuf_add(&keep_name_buf
, pack_name
, len
);
1650 strbuf_addstr(&keep_name_buf
, ".idx");
1651 keep_name
= keep_name_buf
.buf
;
1655 die(_("--verify with no packfile name given"));
1656 read_idx_option(&opts
, index_name
);
1657 opts
.flags
|= WRITE_IDX_VERIFY
| WRITE_IDX_STRICT
;
1660 opts
.flags
|= WRITE_IDX_STRICT
;
1664 nr_threads
= online_cpus();
1665 /* An experiment showed that more threads does not mean faster */
1671 curr_pack
= open_pack_file(pack_name
);
1672 parse_pack_header();
1673 objects
= xcalloc(nr_objects
+ 1, sizeof(struct object_entry
));
1674 deltas
= xcalloc(nr_objects
, sizeof(struct delta_entry
));
1675 parse_pack_objects(pack_sha1
);
1677 conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack
, curr_pack
, pack_sha1
);
1680 foreign_nr
= check_objects();
1683 show_pack_info(stat_only
);
1685 idx_objects
= xmalloc((nr_objects
) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry
*));
1686 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_objects
; i
++)
1687 idx_objects
[i
] = &objects
[i
].idx
;
1688 curr_index
= write_idx_file(index_name
, idx_objects
, nr_objects
, &opts
, pack_sha1
);
1692 final(pack_name
, curr_pack
,
1693 index_name
, curr_index
,
1694 keep_name
, keep_msg
,
1699 strbuf_release(&index_name_buf
);
1700 strbuf_release(&keep_name_buf
);
1701 if (pack_name
== NULL
)
1702 free((void *) curr_pack
);
1703 if (index_name
== NULL
)
1704 free((void *) curr_index
);
1707 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
1709 if (check_self_contained_and_connected
&& foreign_nr
)