6 git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
12 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
18 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
19 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
20 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
22 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
23 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
24 heads into the current branch.
25 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
27 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
28 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
29 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
30 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
31 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
32 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
34 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
35 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
36 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
38 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
42 A---B---C master on origin
46 origin/master in your repository
49 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
50 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
51 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
52 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
53 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
56 A---B---C origin/master
58 D---E---F---G---H master
61 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
62 are presented and handled.
64 In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
65 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
66 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
67 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
69 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
70 the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
71 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
72 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
77 Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
78 must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
82 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
83 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
88 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
90 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
91 This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
92 be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
93 That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
94 commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
95 merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
96 has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
99 Options related to merging
100 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
104 include::merge-options.txt[]
107 --rebase[=false|true|preserve]::
108 When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
109 branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
110 corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
111 was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
112 to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
114 When preserve, also rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
115 branch, but pass `--preserve-merges` along to `git rebase` so that
116 locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
118 When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
120 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
121 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
122 `--rebase` instead of merging.
125 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
126 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
127 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
128 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
131 Override earlier --rebase.
133 Options related to fetching
134 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
136 include::fetch-options.txt[]
138 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
140 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
142 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
147 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
148 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
149 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
150 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
153 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
154 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
155 and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
156 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
158 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
159 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
160 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
161 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
162 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
163 file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
164 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
165 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
168 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
171 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
172 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
173 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
174 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
175 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
177 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
178 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
181 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
182 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
184 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
185 uses the refspec from the configuration or
186 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
189 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
190 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
191 remote site that is merged.
193 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
195 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
201 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
202 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
205 ------------------------------------------------
206 $ git pull, git pull origin
207 ------------------------------------------------
209 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
210 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
211 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
213 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
215 ------------------------------------------------
216 $ git pull origin next
217 ------------------------------------------------
219 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
220 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
221 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
223 ------------------------------------------------
225 $ git merge origin/next
226 ------------------------------------------------
229 If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
230 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
235 Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
236 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
237 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
238 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
239 having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
244 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
248 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite