6 git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
11 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
12 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [-b <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
13 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
18 When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by
19 updating the index, working tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified
22 If `-b` is given, a new branch is created and checked out, as if
23 linkgit:git-branch[1] were called; in this case you can
24 use the --track or --no-track options, which will be passed to `git
25 branch`. As a convenience, --track without `-b` implies branch
26 creation; see the description of --track below.
28 When <paths> are given, this command does *not* switch
29 branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
30 the index file, or from a named <tree-ish> (most often a commit). In
31 this case, the `-b` and `--track` options are meaningless and giving
32 either of them results in an error. The <tree-ish> argument can be
33 used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
34 to update the index for the given paths before updating the
37 The index may contain unmerged entries after a failed merge. By
38 default, if you try to check out such an entry from the index, the
39 checkout operation will fail and nothing will be checked out.
40 Using -f will ignore these unmerged entries. The contents from a
41 specific side of the merge can be checked out of the index by
42 using --ours or --theirs. With -m, changes made to the working tree
43 file can be discarded to recreate the original conflicted merge result.
48 Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
51 When switching branches, proceed even if the index or the
52 working tree differs from HEAD. This is used to throw away
55 When checking out paths from the index, do not fail upon unmerged
56 entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
60 When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
61 ('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
64 Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
65 <start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
69 When creating a new branch, set up "upstream" configuration. See
70 "--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
72 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
73 derived from the remote branch. If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
74 is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
75 next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
76 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
77 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
78 "refs/remotes/origin/hack"). If the given name has no slash, or the above
79 guessing results in an empty name, the guessing is aborted. You can
80 explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
83 Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
84 branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
87 Create the new branch's reflog; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for
92 When switching branches,
93 if you have local modifications to one or more files that
94 are different between the current branch and the branch to
95 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
96 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
97 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
98 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
99 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
101 When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
102 paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
103 and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge
104 should result in deletion of the path).
106 When checking out paths from the index, this option lets you recreate
107 the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
110 The same as --merge option above, but changes the way the
111 conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the
112 merge.conflictstyle configuration variable. Possible values are
113 "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by
114 "merge" style, shows the original contents).
117 Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
118 when prepended with "refs/heads/", is a valid ref), then that
119 branch is checked out. Otherwise, if it refers to a valid
120 commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
121 any branch (see below for details).
123 As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch
124 checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify
125 `-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
128 Name for the new branch.
131 The name of a commit at which to start the new branch; see
132 linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. Defaults to HEAD.
135 Tree to checkout from (when paths are given). If not specified,
136 the index will be used.
143 It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is
144 not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
145 example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
149 $ git checkout v2.6.18
152 Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
153 create a temporary branch using the `-b` option, but starting from
154 version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the
155 current branch and directly points at the commit named by the tag
156 (`v2.6.18` in the example above).
158 You can use all git commands while in this state. You can use
159 `git reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for
160 example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
161 a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using `git
164 The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
165 by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
166 What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
167 and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git
168 checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would
169 garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
170 the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.
180 . The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts
181 the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
182 mistake, and gets it back from the index.
185 $ git checkout master <1>
186 $ git checkout master~2 Makefile <2>
188 $ git checkout hello.c <3>
192 <2> take a file out of another commit
193 <3> restore hello.c from the index
195 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
196 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
197 You should instead write:
200 $ git checkout -- hello.c
203 . After working in the wrong branch, switching to the correct
204 branch would be done using:
207 $ git checkout mytopic
210 However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
211 differ in files that you have modified locally, in which case
212 the above checkout would fail like this:
215 $ git checkout mytopic
216 fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.
219 You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a
223 $ git checkout -m mytopic
227 After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
228 registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what
229 changes you made since the tip of the new branch.
231 . When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
232 the `-m` option, you would see something like this:
235 $ git checkout -m mytopic
237 ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
238 fatal: merge program failed
241 At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in
242 the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
243 files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
254 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
258 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
262 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite