6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
13 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
14 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
16 [--help] <command> [<args>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.4]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
51 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
52 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
53 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
54 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
56 * link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
59 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
60 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
62 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
63 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
64 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
65 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
66 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
68 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
72 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
73 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
74 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
75 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
76 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
77 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
79 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
82 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
83 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
84 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
85 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
86 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
88 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
91 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
92 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
93 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
94 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
95 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
96 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
98 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
101 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
102 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
103 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
104 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
105 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
106 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
108 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
111 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
112 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
113 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
114 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
115 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
116 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
118 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
121 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
122 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
123 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
124 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
125 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
127 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
130 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
131 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
132 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
133 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
134 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
135 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
136 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
137 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
138 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
139 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
141 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
144 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
145 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
146 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
147 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
149 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
152 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
153 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
154 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
155 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
156 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
157 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
158 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
159 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
160 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
161 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
163 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
166 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
167 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
168 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
169 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
170 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
171 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
173 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
176 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
177 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
178 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
179 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
180 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
183 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
184 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
185 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
186 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
187 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
188 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
190 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
193 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
194 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
195 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
196 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
198 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
201 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
202 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
203 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
204 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
205 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
206 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
207 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
209 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
212 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
213 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
214 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
215 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
216 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
217 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
218 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
220 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
223 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
224 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
225 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
226 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
227 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
228 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
229 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
231 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
234 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
235 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
236 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
237 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
238 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
239 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
240 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
241 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
243 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
246 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
247 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
248 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
249 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
250 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
251 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
252 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
253 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
254 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
256 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
259 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
260 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
261 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
262 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
263 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
264 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
266 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
269 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
270 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
271 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
272 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
273 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
274 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
275 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
277 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
280 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
281 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
282 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
283 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
284 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
285 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
286 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
288 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
289 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
290 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
291 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
300 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
303 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
304 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
305 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
306 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
308 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
309 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
310 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
314 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
315 given will override values from configuration files.
316 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
317 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
319 --exec-path[=<path>]::
320 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
321 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
322 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
323 the current setting and then exit.
326 Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
327 documentation is installed and exit.
330 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
331 this version of git and exit.
334 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
335 version of git are installed and exit.
339 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
340 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
341 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
345 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
348 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
349 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
350 path or relative path to current working directory.
353 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
354 or a path relative to the current working directory.
355 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
356 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
357 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
358 more detailed discussion).
361 Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
362 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
366 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
367 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
370 --no-replace-objects::
371 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
372 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
375 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
376 ---------------------
378 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
379 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
381 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
382 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
383 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
385 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
387 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
390 The internals are documented in the
391 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
396 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
397 ("plumbing") commands.
399 High-level commands (porcelain)
400 -------------------------------
402 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
403 ancillary user utilities.
405 Main porcelain commands
406 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
408 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
414 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
418 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
421 Interacting with Others
422 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
424 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
425 people via patch over e-mail.
427 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
430 Low-level commands (plumbing)
431 -----------------------------
433 Although git includes its
434 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
435 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
436 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
437 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
439 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
440 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
441 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
442 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
443 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
446 The following description divides
447 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
448 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
449 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
453 Manipulation commands
454 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
456 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
459 Interrogation commands
460 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
462 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
464 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
468 Synching repositories
469 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
471 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
473 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
474 typically do not use them directly.
476 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
479 Internal helper commands
480 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
482 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
483 users typically do not use them directly.
485 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
488 Configuration Mechanism
489 -----------------------
491 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
492 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
493 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
494 people. Here is an example:
498 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
503 ; Don't trust file modes
508 name = "Junio C Hamano"
509 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
513 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
514 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
518 Identifier Terminology
519 ----------------------
521 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
524 Indicates a blob object name.
527 Indicates a tree object name.
530 Indicates a commit object name.
533 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
534 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
535 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
536 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
539 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
540 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
541 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
542 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
545 Indicates that an object type is required.
546 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
549 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
550 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
554 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
558 indicates the head of the current branch.
562 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
566 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
568 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
569 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
572 File/Directory Structure
573 ------------------------
575 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
577 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
579 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
585 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
588 Environment Variables
589 ---------------------
590 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
594 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
595 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
596 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
599 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
600 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
603 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
604 If the object storage directory is specified via this
605 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
606 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
609 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
610 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
611 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
612 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
613 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
614 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
617 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
618 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
619 for the base of the repository.
622 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
623 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
624 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
625 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
626 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
629 Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
630 The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
632 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
633 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
634 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
635 up into while looking for a repository directory.
636 It will not exclude the current working directory or
637 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
638 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
640 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
641 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
642 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
643 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
644 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
645 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
646 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
647 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
655 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
656 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
657 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
659 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
664 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
665 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
666 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
667 value passed on the git diff command line.
669 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
670 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
671 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
672 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
673 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
675 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
679 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
680 contents of <old|new>,
681 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
682 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
684 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
685 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
686 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
687 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
688 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
690 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
695 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
696 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
697 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
698 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
701 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
702 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
703 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
704 linkgit:git-config[1].
707 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
708 and 'git push' will use this command instead
709 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
710 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
711 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
712 shell command to execute on that remote system.
714 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
715 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
716 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
718 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
719 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
723 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
724 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
725 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
726 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
727 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
730 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
731 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
732 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
733 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
734 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
735 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
736 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
737 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
740 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
741 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
742 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
743 execution and external command execution.
744 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
745 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
746 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
747 trace messages into this file descriptor.
748 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
749 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
750 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
753 Discussion[[Discussion]]
754 ------------------------
756 More detail on the following is available from the
757 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
758 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
760 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
761 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
762 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
763 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
764 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
765 as tags and branch heads.
767 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
768 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
769 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
770 and some number of parent commits.
772 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
773 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
774 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
775 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
777 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
778 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
779 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
780 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
783 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
784 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
786 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
787 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
788 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
789 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
790 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
791 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
793 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
794 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
795 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
796 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
797 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
798 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
799 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
800 content stored in the index.
802 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
803 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
804 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
808 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
809 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
810 <git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
811 http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
812 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
813 the authors for specific parts of the project.
818 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
819 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
820 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
824 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
825 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
826 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
827 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
828 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
832 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite