1 Generating patches with -p
2 --------------------------
4 When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
5 with a '-p' option, "git diff" without the '--raw' option, or
6 "git log" with the "-p" option, they
7 do not produce the output described above; instead they produce a
8 patch file. You can customize the creation of such patches via the
9 GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and the GIT_DIFF_OPTS environment variables.
11 What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
14 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:
16 diff --git a/file1 b/file2
18 The `a/` and `b/` filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
19 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
20 `/dev/null` is _not_ used in place of the `a/` or `b/` filenames.
22 When rename/copy is involved, `file1` and `file2` show the
23 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
24 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.
26 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
30 deleted file mode <mode>
36 similarity index <number>
37 dissimilarity index <number>
38 index <hash>..<hash> <mode>
40 File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type
41 and file permission bits.
43 Path names in extended headers do not include the `a/` and `b/` prefixes.
45 The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
46 the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It
47 is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The
48 similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
49 files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
50 file made it into the new one.
52 The index line includes the SHA-1 checksum before and after the change.
53 The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
54 separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
56 3. TAB, LF, double quote and backslash characters in pathnames
57 are represented as `\t`, `\n`, `\"` and `\\`, respectively.
58 If there is need for such substitution then the whole
59 pathname is put in double quotes.
61 4. All the `file1` files in the output refer to files before the
62 commit, and all the `file2` files refer to files after the commit.
63 It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For
64 example, this patch will swap a and b:
77 Any diff-generating command can take the `-c` or `--cc` option to
78 produce a 'combined diff' when showing a merge. This is the default
79 format when showing merges with linkgit:git-diff[1] or
80 linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give the `-m' option to any
81 of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual parents
84 A 'combined diff' format looks like this:
87 diff --combined describe.c
88 index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
91 @@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
92 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
95 - static void describe(char *arg)
96 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
97 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
99 + unsigned char sha1[20];
100 + struct commit *cmit;
101 struct commit_list *list;
102 static int initialized = 0;
103 struct commit_name *n;
105 + if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
106 + usage(describe_usage);
107 + cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
109 + usage(describe_usage);
113 for_each_ref(get_name);
116 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
117 this (when '-c' option is used):
121 or like this (when '--cc' option is used):
125 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines
126 (this example shows a merge with two parents):
128 index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
129 mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
131 deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
133 The `mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>` line appears only if at least one of
134 the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with
135 information about detected contents movement (renames and
136 copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
137 <tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.
139 3. It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
144 Similar to two-line header for traditional 'unified' diff
145 format, `/dev/null` is used to signal created or deleted
148 4. Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
149 accidentally feeding it to `patch -p1`. Combined diff format
150 was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
151 meant for apply. The change is similar to the change in the
152 extended 'index' header:
154 @@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
156 There are (number of parents + 1) `@` characters in the chunk
157 header for combined diff format.
159 Unlike the traditional 'unified' diff format, which shows two
160 files A and B with a single column that has `-` (minus --
161 appears in A but removed in B), `+` (plus -- missing in A but
162 added to B), or `" "` (space -- unchanged) prefix, this format
163 compares two or more files file1, file2,... with one file X, and
164 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
165 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
168 A `-` character in the column N means that the line appears in
169 fileN but it does not appear in the result. A `+` character
170 in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
171 and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
172 added, from the point of view of that parent).
174 In the above example output, the function signature was changed
175 from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
176 file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
177 in either file1 nor file2). Also eight other lines are the same
178 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `{plus}`).
180 When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
181 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
182 parents). When shown by `git diff-files -c`, it compares the
183 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
184 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka