1 The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
2 "git-diff-files" are very similar.
4 These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
7 git-diff-index <tree-ish>::
8 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
10 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>::
11 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
13 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>...]::
14 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
16 git-diff-files [<pattern>...]::
17 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
20 An output line is formatted this way:
22 ------------------------------------------------
23 in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
24 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
25 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
26 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
27 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
28 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6
29 ------------------------------------------------
31 That is, from the left to the right:
34 . mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
36 . mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
38 . sha1 for "src"; 0\{40\} if creation or unmerged.
40 . sha1 for "dst"; 0\{40\} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
42 . status, followed by optional "score" number.
43 . a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used.
45 . a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used; only exists for C or R.
46 . path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
47 . an LF or a NUL when '-z' option is used, to terminate the record.
49 <sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
50 and it is out of sync with the index.
54 ------------------------------------------------
55 :100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c
56 ------------------------------------------------
58 When `-z` option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
59 in pathnames are represented as `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`,
63 Generating patches with -p
64 --------------------------
66 When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
67 with a '-p' option, they do not produce the output described above;
68 instead they produce a patch file.
70 The patch generation can be customized at two levels.
72 1. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is not set,
73 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
75 diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new>
77 For added files, `/dev/null` is used for <old>. For removed
78 files, `/dev/null` is used for <new>
80 The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
81 environment variable 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'. For example, if you
84 GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD
87 2. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
88 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
91 For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
92 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
94 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
98 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
99 contents of <old|new>,
100 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
101 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
104 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
105 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
106 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
107 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
108 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
110 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
114 git specific extension to diff format
115 -------------------------------------
117 What -p option produces is slightly different from the
118 traditional diff format.
120 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
123 diff --git a/file1 b/file2
125 The `a/` and `b/` filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
126 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
127 `/dev/null` is _not_ used in place of `a/` or `b/` filenames.
129 When rename/copy is involved, `file1` and `file2` show the
130 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
131 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.
133 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
137 deleted file mode <mode>
143 similarity index <number>
144 dissimilarity index <number>
145 index <hash>..<hash> <mode>
147 3. TAB, LF, double quote and backslash characters in pathnames
148 are represented as `\t`, `\n`, `\"` and `\\`, respectively.
149 If there is need for such substitution then the whole
150 pathname is put in double quotes.
156 git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take '-c' or '--cc' option
157 to produce 'combined diff', which looks like this:
160 diff --combined describe.c
161 index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
164 @@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
165 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
168 - static void describe(char *arg)
169 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
170 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
172 + unsigned char sha1[20];
173 + struct commit *cmit;
174 struct commit_list *list;
175 static int initialized = 0;
176 struct commit_name *n;
178 + if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
179 + usage(describe_usage);
180 + cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
182 + usage(describe_usage);
186 for_each_ref(get_name);
189 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
190 this (when '-c' option is used):
194 or like this (when '--cc' option is used):
198 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines
199 (this example shows a merge with two parents):
201 index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
202 mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
204 deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
206 The `mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>` line appears only if at least one of
207 the <mode> is diferent from the rest. Extended headers with
208 information about detected contents movement (renames and
209 copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
210 <tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.
212 3. It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
217 Similar to two-line header for traditional 'unified' diff
218 format, `/dev/null` is used to signal created or deleted
221 4. Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
222 accidentally feeding it to `patch -p1`. Combined diff format
223 was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
224 meant for apply. The change is similar to the change in the
225 extended 'index' header:
227 @@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
229 There are (number of parents + 1) `@` characters in the chunk
230 header for combined diff format.
232 Unlike the traditional 'unified' diff format, which shows two
233 files A and B with a single column that has `-` (minus --
234 appears in A but removed in B), `+` (plus -- missing in A but
235 added to B), or `" "` (space -- unchanged) prefix, this format
236 compares two or more files file1, file2,... with one file X, and
237 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
238 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
241 A `-` character in the column N means that the line appears in
242 fileN but it does not appear in the result. A `+` character
243 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
244 and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
245 added, from the point of view of that parent).
247 In the above example output, the function signature was changed
248 from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
249 file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
250 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
251 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with ` +`).
253 When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
254 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
255 parents). When shown by `git diff-files -c`, it compares the
256 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
257 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka