6 git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
11 'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge] [-q] [<commit>]
12 'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
13 'git reset' --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
17 Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
18 index and working tree to match.
20 This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
21 commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
22 the undo in the history.
24 If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
25 linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
27 The second and third forms with 'paths' and/or --patch are used to
28 revert selected paths in the index from a given commit, without moving
35 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
36 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
37 been updated. This is the default action.
40 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
41 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
42 files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status' would
46 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
47 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
48 since <commit> are lost.
51 Resets the index to match the tree recorded by the named commit,
52 and updates the files that are different between the named commit
53 and the current commit in the working tree.
57 Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
58 and <commit> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
59 in reverse to the index.
61 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see
66 Be quiet, only report errors.
69 Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD.
74 The tables below show what happens when running:
77 git reset --option target
80 to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
81 reset options depending on the state of the files.
83 In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
84 file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
85 file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
86 state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
87 target" will put the file in state A in the working tree, in state B
88 in the index and in state D in HEAD.
90 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
91 ----------------------------------------------------
97 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
98 ----------------------------------------------------
104 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
105 ----------------------------------------------------
111 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
112 ----------------------------------------------------
118 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
119 ----------------------------------------------------
125 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
126 ----------------------------------------------------
132 "reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
133 merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the work tree file that is
134 involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
135 it starts, and that it writes the result out to the work tree. So if
136 we see some difference between the index and the target and also
137 between the index and the work tree, then it means that we are not
138 resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
139 with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
141 The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
144 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
145 ----------------------------------------------------
146 X U A B --soft (disallowed)
151 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
152 ----------------------------------------------------
153 X U A A --soft (disallowed)
158 X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
163 Undo a commit and redo::
167 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
169 $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
172 <1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
173 just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
174 message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
175 <2> Make corrections to working tree files.
176 <3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
177 commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
178 edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
180 See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
182 Undo commits permanently::
186 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
189 <1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
190 and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
191 you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
192 "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
193 the implications of doing so.)
195 Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
198 $ git branch topic/wip <1>
199 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
200 $ git checkout topic/wip <3>
203 <1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
204 to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
205 them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
207 <2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
208 <3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
214 $ git add frotz.c filfre.c
217 $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
220 <1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
221 in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
222 when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
223 and changes with these files are distracting.
224 <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
225 <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
226 not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
227 to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
228 index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
230 <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
231 changes still in the working tree.
233 Undo a merge or pull::
238 CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
239 Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
240 $ git reset --hard <2>
241 $ git pull . topic/branch <3>
242 Updating from 41223... to 13134...
244 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
247 <1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
248 conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
249 right now, so you decide to do that later.
250 <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
251 which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
252 from the index file and the working tree.
253 <3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
255 <4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
256 consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
257 tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
258 brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
259 and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
261 Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty work tree::
266 Merge made by recursive.
267 nitfol | 20 +++++----
269 $ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2>
272 <1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
273 working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
274 that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
276 <2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
277 that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
278 "git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
279 were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
280 want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
283 Interrupted workflow::
285 Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
286 are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
287 working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
288 need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
291 $ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
292 $ work work work ;# got interrupted
293 $ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
294 $ git checkout master
296 $ git commit ;# commit with real log
297 $ git checkout feature
298 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
302 <1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
303 <2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
304 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
305 <3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
306 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
307 WIP files as uncommitted.
309 See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
311 Reset a single file in the index::
313 Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
314 want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
315 while keeping your changes with git reset.
318 $ git reset -- frotz.c <1>
319 $ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2>
320 $ git add frotz.c <3>
323 <1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
325 <2> This commits all other changes in the index.
326 <3> Adds the file to the index again.
330 Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
334 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
338 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite