6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
11 'git-rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for underlying `git-rev-list` command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for other commands they use as the
20 downstream of `git-rev-list`. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
27 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
28 `git-rev-list` command.
31 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
32 `git-rev-list` command.
35 Do not output non-flag parameters.
38 Do not output flag parameters.
41 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
45 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
46 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
49 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
50 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
51 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
52 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
53 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
57 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
58 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
62 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
63 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
64 form as close to the original input as possible.
68 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
71 Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`.
74 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`.
77 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`.
80 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
81 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
85 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
86 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
87 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
90 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
92 --short, --short=number::
93 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
94 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
95 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
97 --since=datestring, --after=datestring::
98 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
99 --max-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
101 --until=datestring, --before=datestring::
102 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
103 --min-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
106 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
112 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
113 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
114 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
115 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
116 blobs contained in a commit.
118 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
119 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
120 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
121 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
122 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
124 * An output from `git-describe`; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
125 dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
127 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
128 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
129 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
130 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
131 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
132 first match in the following rules:
134 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
135 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
137 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
139 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
141 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
143 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
145 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
147 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
149 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
150 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
151 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
152 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
153 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
155 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
156 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
158 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
159 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
160 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
162 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
163 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
164 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
165 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
166 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
167 the usage of this form.
169 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
170 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
171 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
172 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
173 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
174 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
176 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
177 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
178 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
181 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
182 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
185 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
186 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
187 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
188 that follows it) names an stage 0 entry.
190 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both node B and C are
191 a commit parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
208 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
211 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
212 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
213 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
214 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
220 History traversing commands such as `git-log` operate on a set
221 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
222 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
223 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
224 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
226 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
227 notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable
228 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
230 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
231 for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
232 the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
233 reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
236 A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
237 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
238 "`r1 r2 --not $(git-merge-base --all r1 r2)`".
239 It it the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
240 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
242 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
243 and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
244 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
247 Here are a handful examples:
260 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
261 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
265 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
269 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite