6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]]
13 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager]
14 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
15 [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
19 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
20 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
21 and full access to internals.
23 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
24 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
25 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
26 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration]. See
27 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
30 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
31 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
33 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
34 documentation can be viewed at
35 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
41 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
42 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
43 branch of the `git.git` repository.
44 Documentation for older releases are available here:
46 * link:v1.5.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3]
49 link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1].
52 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
53 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
54 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
55 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
56 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
57 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
59 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
62 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
63 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
64 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
65 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
66 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
67 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
68 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
70 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
73 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
74 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
75 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
76 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
77 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
78 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
79 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
81 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
82 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
83 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
84 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
93 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
96 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
97 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
98 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
99 given then all available commands are printed.
102 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
103 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
104 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
105 the current setting and then exit.
108 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
111 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
114 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
115 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
118 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
119 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
120 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
121 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
122 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
126 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
127 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
131 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
132 ---------------------
134 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
135 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
137 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
138 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
139 underlying git architecture.
141 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
147 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
148 ("plumbing") commands.
150 High-level commands (porcelain)
151 -------------------------------
153 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
154 ancillary user utilities.
156 Main porcelain commands
157 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
159 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
165 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
169 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
172 Interacting with Others
173 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
175 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
176 people via patch over e-mail.
178 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
181 Low-level commands (plumbing)
182 -----------------------------
184 Although git includes its
185 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
186 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
187 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
188 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
190 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
191 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
192 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
193 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
194 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
197 The following description divides
198 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
199 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
200 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
204 Manipulation commands
205 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
207 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
210 Interrogation commands
211 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
213 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
215 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
219 Synching repositories
220 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
222 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
224 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
225 typically do not use them directly.
227 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
230 Internal helper commands
231 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
233 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
234 users typically do not use them directly.
236 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
239 Configuration Mechanism
240 -----------------------
242 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
243 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
244 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
245 people. Here is an example:
249 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
254 ; Don't trust file modes
259 name = "Junio C Hamano"
260 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
264 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
265 their operation accordingly.
268 Identifier Terminology
269 ----------------------
271 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
274 Indicates a blob object name.
277 Indicates a tree object name.
280 Indicates a commit object name.
283 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
284 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
285 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
286 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
289 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
290 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
291 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
292 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
295 Indicates that an object type is required.
296 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
299 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
300 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
304 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
308 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
309 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
313 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
317 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
319 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
320 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
323 File/Directory Structure
324 ------------------------
326 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
328 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
330 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
336 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
339 Environment Variables
340 ---------------------
341 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
345 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
346 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
347 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
350 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
351 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
354 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
355 If the object storage directory is specified via this
356 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
357 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
360 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
361 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
362 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
363 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
364 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
365 written to these directories.
368 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
369 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
370 for the base of the repository.
373 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
374 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
375 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
376 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
377 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
384 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
385 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
386 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
388 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
393 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
394 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
395 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
396 value passed on the git diff command line.
398 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
399 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
400 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
401 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
402 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
404 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
408 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
409 contents of <old|new>,
410 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
411 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
414 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
415 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
416 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
417 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
418 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
420 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
425 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
426 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
427 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
428 See gitlink:git-merge[1]
431 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
432 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
436 If this environment variable is set then gitlink:git-fetch[1]
437 and gitlink:git-push[1] will use this command instead
438 of `ssh` when they need to connect to a remote system.
439 The 'GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
440 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
441 shell command to execute on that remote system.
443 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
444 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
445 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
447 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
448 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
452 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
453 as git-blame (in incremental mode), git-rev-list, git-log,
454 git-whatchanged, etc., will force a flush of the output stream
455 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
456 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
457 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
458 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
459 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
462 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
463 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
464 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
465 execution and external command execution.
466 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
467 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
468 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
469 trace messages into this file descriptor.
470 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
471 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
472 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
475 Discussion[[Discussion]]
476 ------------------------
477 include::core-intro.txt[]
481 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
482 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
483 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
484 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
488 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
489 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
490 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
494 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite