6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
11 'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
20 downstream of 'git rev-list'. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
27 Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
30 Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
31 out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
33 --stop-at-non-option::
34 Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Lets the option parser stop at
35 the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands
36 that take options themselves.
39 Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
40 section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
41 mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
44 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
45 'git rev-list' command.
48 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
49 'git rev-list' command.
52 Do not output non-flag parameters.
55 Do not output flag parameters.
58 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
62 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
63 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
67 Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
68 message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
69 instead exit with non-zero status silently.
72 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
73 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
74 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
75 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
76 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
77 'git diff-\*'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
78 the command input is still interpreted as usual.
81 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
82 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
86 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
87 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
88 form as close to the original input as possible.
90 --symbolic-full-name::
91 This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
92 are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
93 explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
94 want to name the "master" branch when there is an
95 unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
96 refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
98 --abbrev-ref[={strict|loose}]::
99 A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
100 The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
104 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
106 --branches[=pattern]::
108 --remotes[=pattern]::
109 Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
110 respectively (i.e., refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`,
111 `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`, or `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`,
114 If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
115 shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
116 `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/\*`.
119 Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
120 the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
121 prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing
122 character (`?`, `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
123 match by appending `/\*`.
126 Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
129 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
130 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
134 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
135 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
136 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
139 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
141 --is-inside-git-dir::
142 When the current working directory is below the repository
143 directory print "true", otherwise "false".
145 --is-inside-work-tree::
146 When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
147 repository print "true", otherwise "false".
149 --is-bare-repository::
150 When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
154 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
155 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
156 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
160 Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
161 --max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
164 --before=datestring::
165 Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
166 --min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
169 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
175 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
176 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
177 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
178 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
179 blobs contained in a commit.
181 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
182 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
183 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
184 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
185 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
187 * An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
188 followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
189 `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
191 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
192 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
193 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
194 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
195 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
196 first match in the following rules:
198 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
199 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
201 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
203 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
205 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
207 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
209 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
211 HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
212 FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
213 with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
214 ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
215 way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
216 you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
218 MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
219 when you run 'git merge'.
221 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
223 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
224 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
225 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
226 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
227 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
228 of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
229 `master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
230 certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
232 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
233 enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
234 the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
235 is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
236 is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
237 immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
238 log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
240 * You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
241 reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
242 branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
244 * The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
245 before the current one.
247 * The suffix '@{upstream}' to a ref (short form 'ref@{u}') refers to
248 the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults
249 to the current branch.
251 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
252 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
254 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
255 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
256 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
258 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
259 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
260 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
261 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
262 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
263 the usage of this form.
265 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
266 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
267 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
268 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
269 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
270 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
272 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
273 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
274 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
277 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
278 a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
279 This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
280 reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
281 '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
282 followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
284 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
285 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
288 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
289 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
290 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
291 that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
292 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
293 (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
294 the branch being merged.
296 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
297 and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
300 ........................................
311 ........................................
316 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
319 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
320 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
321 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
322 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
328 History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
329 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
330 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
331 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
332 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
334 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
335 notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
336 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
338 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
339 for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
340 to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
341 for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
342 from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
344 A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
345 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
346 `r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
347 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
348 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
350 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
351 and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
352 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
355 Here are a handful of examples:
369 In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
370 scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
371 (e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
373 It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
374 understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
375 to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs
376 usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
381 'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
382 separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
383 (should be more than one) are used for the usage.
384 The lines after the separator describe the options.
386 Each line of options has this format:
389 <opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
393 its format is the short option character, then the long option name
394 separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
395 is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
399 `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
400 * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
402 * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
404 * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
405 generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
406 documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].
408 * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
410 The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
411 as the help associated to the option.
413 Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
414 as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
422 some-command [options] <args>...
424 some-command does foo and bar!
428 foo some nifty option --foo
429 bar= some cool option --bar with an argument
431 An option group Header
432 C? option C with an optional argument"
434 eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?`
440 In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
441 single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
442 normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
443 quoting the arguments is done.
445 If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
446 'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
453 $ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
455 args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@") # quote user-supplied arguments
456 command="git frotz -n24 $args" # and use it inside a handcrafted
461 $ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
467 * Print the object name of the current commit:
470 $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
473 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
476 $ git rev-parse --verify $REV
479 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
484 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
487 but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
492 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
493 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
497 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
501 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite