7 git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
12 'git-rev-list' [ *--max-count*=number ] [ *--max-age*=timestamp ] [ *--min-age*=timestamp ] [ *--bisect* ] [ *--pretty* ] [ *--objects* ] [ *--merge-order* [ *--show-breaks* ] ] <commit> [ <commit> ...] [ ^<commit> ...]
16 Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
17 given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
18 useful to produce human-readable log output.
20 Commits which are stated with a preceding '^' cause listing to stop at
21 that point. Their parents are implied. "git-rev-list foo bar ^baz" thus
22 means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
25 If *--pretty* is specified, print the contents of the commit changesets
26 in human-readable form.
28 The *--objects* flag causes 'git-rev-list' to print the object IDs of
29 any object referenced by the listed commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo
30 ^bar' thus means "send me all object IDs which I need to download if
31 I have the commit object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
33 The *--bisect* flag limits output to the one commit object which is
34 roughly halfway between the included and excluded commits. Thus,
35 if "git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz" outputs 'midpoint', the output
36 of "git-rev-list foo ^midpoint" and "git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz"
37 would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which introduces
38 a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly generate and
39 test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length one.
41 If *--merge-order* is specified, the commit history is decomposed into a
42 unique sequence of minimal, non-linear epochs and maximal, linear epochs.
43 Non-linear epochs are then linearised by sorting them into merge order, which
46 Maximal, linear epochs correspond to periods of sequential development.
47 Minimal, non-linear epochs correspond to periods of divergent development
48 followed by a converging merge. The theory of epochs is described in more
50 link:http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/[http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/].
52 The merge order for a non-linear epoch is defined as a linearisation for which
53 the following invariants are true:
55 1. if a commit P is reachable from commit N, commit P sorts after commit N
56 in the linearised list.
57 2. if Pi and Pj are any two parents of a merge M (with i < j), then any
58 commit N, such that N is reachable from Pj but not reachable from Pi,
59 sorts before all commits reachable from Pi.
61 Invariant 1 states that later commits appear before earlier commits they are
64 Invariant 2 states that commits unique to "later" parents in a merge, appear
65 before all commits from "earlier" parents of a merge.
67 If *--show-breaks* is specified, each item of the list is output with a
68 2-character prefix consisting of one of: (|), (^), (=) followed by a space.
70 Commits marked with (=) represent the boundaries of minimal, non-linear epochs
71 and correspond either to the start of a period of divergent development or to
72 the end of such a period.
74 Commits marked with (|) are direct parents of commits immediately preceding
75 the marked commit in the list.
77 Commits marked with (^) are not parents of the immediately preceding commit.
78 These "breaks" represent necessary discontinuities implied by trying to
79 represent an arbtirary DAG in a linear form.
81 *--show-breaks* is only valid if *--merge-order* is also specified.
85 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
87 Original *--merge-order* logic by Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com>
91 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
95 Part of the link:git.html[git] suite